Child maltreatment risk as a function of poverty and race/ethnicity in the USA
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23345656 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Hyunil Kim (0000-0002-4104-3387, Washington University in St. Louis, corresponding author), Barbara Drake (0000-0001-7565-6467, Washington University in St. Louis), Brett Drake (Washington University in St. Louis) |
| Year | 2018 |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 780-787 |
| Publication date | 2018-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Epidemiology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0300-5771 • E-ISSN: 1464-3685 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1093/ije/dyx280 |
| PMID | 29390062 |
| OpenAlex | W2790657916 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 83 |
| References cited | 32 |
BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment is a pressing social problem in the USA and internationally. There are increasing calls for the use of a public health approach to child maltreatment, but the effective adoption of such an approach requires a sound foundation of epidemiological data. This study estimates for the first time, using national data, total and type-specific official maltreatment risks while simultaneously considering environmental poverty and race/ethnicity. METHODS: National official maltreatment data (2009-13) were linked to census data. We used additive mixed models to estimate race/ethnicity-specific rates of official maltreatment (total and subtypes) as a function of county-level child poverty rates. The additive model coupled with the multilevel design provided empirically sound estimates while handling both curvilinearity and the nested data structure. RESULTS: With increasing county child poverty rates, total and type-specific official maltreatment rates increased in all race/ethnicity groups. At similar poverty levels, White maltreatment rates trended higher than Blacks and Hispanics showed lower rates, especially where the data were most sufficient. For example, at the 25% poverty level, total maltreatment report rates were 6.91% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.43%-7.40%] for Whites, 6.30% (5.50%-7.11%) for Blacks and 3.32% (2.88%-3.76%) for Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: We find strong positive associations between official child maltreatment and environmental poverty in all race/ethnicity groups. Our data suggest that Black/White disproportionality in official maltreatment is largely driven by Black/White differences in poverty. Our findings also support the presence of a 'Hispanic paradox' in official maltreatment, where Hispanics have lower risks compared with similarly economically situated Whites and Blacks.
Census · Confidence interval · Economic growth · Economics · Environmental health · Ethnic group · Poison control · Population · Poverty · Race (biology) · Sociology · Child Abuse and Trauma · Demography · Gun Ownership and Violence Research · Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse · Medicine · Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 83 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 10,38 |
| Citation span | 2018 - 2026 (9) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 75 |