The Household Water InSecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale
Development and validation of a household water insecurity measure for low-income and middle-income countries
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23345869 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sera Lewise Young (0000-0002-1763-1218, Northwestern University, corresponding author), Godfred O Boateng (0000-0001-5898-6966, Northwestern University), Zeina Jamaluddine (0000-0003-2074-9329, American University of Beirut), Joshua D Miller (0000-0002-2171-856X, Northwestern University), Edward A Frongillo (0000-0002-8265-9815, University of South Carolina), Torsten B Neilands (0000-0001-7936-9123, University of California, San Francisco), Shalean M Collins (0000-0003-2991-8037, Northwestern University), A Wutich (0000-0003-4164-1632, Arizona State University), Wendy Jepson (0000-0002-7693-1376, Texas A&M University), Justin Stoler (0000-0001-8435-7012, University of Miami) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | e001750 |
| Publication date | 2019-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | BMJ Global Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2059-7908 • E-ISSN: 2059-7908 |
| Publisher | BMJ (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001750 |
| PMID | 31637027 |
| OpenAlex | W2976926612 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 107 |
| References cited | 37 |
OBJECTIVE: Progress towards equitable and sufficient water has primarily been measured by population-level data on water availability. However, higher-resolution measures of water accessibility, adequacy, reliability and safety (ie, water insecurity) are needed to understand how problems with water impact health and well-being. Therefore, we developed the Household Water InSecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale to measure household water insecurity in an equivalent way across disparate cultural and ecological settings. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were implemented in 8127 households across 28 sites in 23 low-income and middle-income countries. Data collected included 34 items on water insecurity in the prior month; socio-demographics; water acquisition, use and storage; household food insecurity and perceived stress. We retained water insecurity items that were salient and applicable across all sites. We used classical test and item response theories to assess dimensionality, reliability and equivalence. Construct validity was assessed for both individual and pooled sites using random coefficient models. FINDINGS: Twelve items about experiences of household water insecurity were retained. Items showed unidimensionality in factor analyses and were reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.84 to 0.93). The average non-invariance rate was 0.03% (threshold <25%), indicating equivalence of measurement and meaning across sites. Predictive, convergent and discriminant validity were also established. CONCLUSIONS: The HWISE Scale measures universal experiences of household water insecurity across low-income and middle-income countries. Its development ushers in the ability to quantify the prevalence, causes and consequences of household water insecurity, and can contribute an evidence base for clinical, public health and policy recommendations regarding water.
Cronbach's alpha · Developmental psychology · Discriminant validity · Economics · Environmental health · Geography · Household income · Population · Psychometrics · Public health · Scale (ratio) · Socioeconomics · Child Nutrition and Water Access · Fecal contamination and water quality · Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations · Medicine · Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 107 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 17,83 |
| Citation span | 2020 - 2027 (8) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 100 |