Fear of the coronavirus (Covid-19)

Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020

Bibliographic Data

ID23351973
AuthorsGaëtan Mertens (0000-0003-1923-6657, Utrecht University, corresponding author), Lotte Gerritsen (0000-0002-8990-5396, Utrecht University), Stefanie Duijndam (0000-0003-1036-3318, Tilburg University), Elske Salemink (0000-0002-6885-2598, Utrecht University), Iris M Engelhard (0009-0005-1117-932X, Utrecht University)
Year2020
Volume74
Pages102258
Publication date2020-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Anxiety Disorders (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0887-6185 • E-ISSN: 1873-7897
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258
PMID32569905
OpenAlexW3020284447
LanguageEN
Citations received268
References cited37

Fear is an adaptive response in the presence of danger. However, when threat is uncertain and continuous, as in the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, fear can become chronic and burdensome. To identify predictors of fear of the coronavirus, we conducted an online survey (N = 439) three days after the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic (i.e., between March 14 and 17, 2020). Fear of the coronavirus was assessed with the newly developed Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (FCQ) consisting of eight questions pertaining to different dimensions of fear (e.g., subjective worry, safety behaviors, preferential attention), and an open-ended question. The predictors included psychological vulnerability factors (i.e., intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and health anxiety), media exposure, and personal relevance (i.e., personal health, risk for loved ones, and risk control). We found four predictors for the FCQ in a simultaneous regression analysis: health anxiety, regular media use, social media use, and risks for loved ones (R2 = .37). Furthermore, 16 different topics of concern were identified based participants’ open-ended responses, including the health of loved ones, health care systems overload, and economic consequences. We discuss the relevance of our findings for managing people’s fear of the coronavirus.

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak · Betacoronavirus · Coronavirus · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) · Coronavirus Infections · Disease · Infectious disease (medical specialty) · Outbreak · Pandemic · Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Clinical Psychology · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Psychology · Virology