Mothers, Fathers, and Peers as Socialization Agents of Sex-Typed Play Behaviors in Young Children
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23366994 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Judith H Langlois (The University of Texas at Austin), A Chris Downs (0000-0002-8611-7407) |
| Year | 1980 |
| Volume | 51 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1237 |
| Publication date | 1980-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Child Development (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0009-3920 • E-ISSN: 1467-8624 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.2307/1129566 |
| OpenAlex | W1985480799 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 122 |
| References cited | 14 |
LANGLOIS, JUDITH H., and DowNs, A. CHRIS. Mothers, Fathers, and Peers as Socialization Agents of Sex-typed Play Behaviors in Young Children. CrHiL DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 1237-1247. Differential reward and punishment of 3and 5-year-old girls' and boys' sex-typed behaviors were examined using a laboratory analog of a natural play context. In study 1, mothers' and peers' reactions to sex-appropriate and sex-inappropriate play were observed. Fathers' reactions were assessed in study 2. Mothers used more reward for their children's play than did peers, while peers used more punishment than mothers. Both mothers and peers differentially rewarded and punished girls' sex-typed play, but boys received only differential punishment from peers. Fathers were generally more rewarding to girls and to 3-year-olds and more punishing to boys and to 5-year-olds. Moreover, fathers differentially rewarded play with same-sex toys and punished play with cross-sex toys for both sons and daughters. Implications for social learning and reciprocal-role theories of sex-role development are explored and a social network perspective emphasizing the complementary roles of mothers, fathers, and peers in children's social development is discussed.
Context (archaeology) · Developmental psychology · Peer group · Perspective (graphical) · Punishment (psychology) · Social environment · Socialization · Child Development and Digital Technology · Early Childhood Education and Development · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology
Sex differences in response to children's toys in nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)
Language and Gender
Sugar or Spice
Self-harm and suicidality in gender-nonconforming children
Gender differences in implicit and explicit processing of emotional facial expressions as revealed by event-related theta synchronization
Family Socialization, Gender, and Sport Motivation and Involvement
Pais e mães protegem, acarinham e brincam de formas diferentes
Toy selection for children
How Lesbian and Heterosexual Parents Convey Attitudes about Gender to their Children
Reviving Androgyny
Blazing and Illuminating a Trail
A Critical Approach to Critical Thinking in Tesol
Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls
Influences of gender identity on children’s maltreatment of gender-nonconforming peers
Development of gender constancy and children's sex-typed free play behavior
Moderators of gender effects on parents' talk to their children
Children's evaluations of fathers' socialization behavior
Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation
The acquisition of gender labels in infancy
Differences in mothers' and fathers' behaviors toward children
Does mother know best? Mothers and fathers interacting with preschool sons and daughters
Sexual orientation and childhood gender nonconformity
Peer influence on gender identity development in adolescence
Differential Premises Arising from Differential Socialization of the Sexes
Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation.
Gender and Education
Sex Differences in Aggression
Patterns of Gender Development
Physical Self-Concept and Sports
Preschoolers' Awareness of Social Expectations of Gender
The Impact of Parenting Experience on Gender Stereotyped Toy Play of Children
Is Gender Identity Disorder in Children a Mental Disorder
Experimenter Influences and Children's Cross-Gender Behavior
The Variability and Flexibility of Gender-Typed Toy Play
Contextual Differences in Parent–Child Play
Gender and communication in children and school
Promoting Gender Equality in Preservice Teachers Through Creative Drama Activities Integrated With Children's Picture Books
Ecological correlates of bullying and peer victimization among urban African American adolescents
Children’s Appraisals of Gender Nonconformity
Childhood Maltreatment, Gender Nonconformity, and Adolescent Sexual Orientation
Identifying intersectional prospective predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among sexual minority adults
Does Father Absence Influence Children's Gender Development? Findings From a General Population Study of Preschool Children
Explaining heterosexual men's attitudes toward women and gay men
Children in Lesbian and Gay Families
Gender Identity Disorder in Children
The Power of Perception
II. The Development of Children's Gendered Knowledge and Preferences in Music
Early childhood teachers' affectionate behavior
Participation in Athletics and Female Sexual Risk Behavior
Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Measurement Of Children's Sex Typing
Mothers' and fathers' behaviors toward the toy play of their infant sons and daughters
Differential play patterns of mothers and fathers of sons and daughters
Fathers' expectations and aspirations for their children
Sex typing
Parents’ Influence on Infants’ Gender-Typed Toy Preferences
Exploring Parent-Adolescent Communication About Gender
Men’s Discomfort and Anticipated Sexual Misclassification Due to Counter-Stereotypical Behaviors
Home, school, and playroom
Relations among aspects of children's social environments, gender schematization, gender role knowledge, and flexibility
Who Cares About Being Gentle? The Impact of Social Identity and the Gender of One’s Friends on Children’s Display of Same-Gender Favoritism
The male role and avoiding femininity
The body-as-object versus the body-as-process
Childhood play and adolescent leisure preferences
Correlates of self-worth in preschoolers
The Roles of Child Gender and Parental Knowledge of Child Development in Parent-Child Interactive Play
The influence of personal and family factors on achievement needs and concerns of African-American and Euro-American college women
Stereotypes about children with traditional and nontraditional gender roles
Characteristics of Preschool Gender Enforcers and Peers Who Associate with Them
Attitudes and expectations about children with nontraditional and traditional gender roles
Adult sex typing of children's toys
Parent-child physical play
Children’s Evaluations of Gender Non-Conforming Peers
The gender-stereotyped nature of christmas toys received by 36-, 48-, and 60-month-old children
Sex-differentiated behaviors in nonsexist picture books
Teaching Children to Confront Peers’ Sexist Remarks
Children's appraisals of sex-typed behavior in their peers
The Relation Between Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Adult Masculinity–Femininity and Anxiety in Heterosexual and Homosexual Men and Women
Resource utilization in mixed-sex dyads
Gender role socialization in toy play situations
Gay Stereotypes
Ich will Feuerwehrmann werden
Developmental Gender Differentiation
Same-sex Sexuality and Adolescent Psychological Well-being
Epidemiology of Gender Identity Disorder
The Impact of Community Violence on Children and Parents
Are sons and daughters treated more differently by fathers than by mothers
Beliefs About Others’ Perceptions—Gender Typicality
Chips Off the Ol' Block
Factors affecting infant toy preferences
Sexual Identity Confusion and Problem Behaviors in Adolescents
The Asymmetry of Gender-Fluid Trends
Negotiating Dominant Masculinity Ideology
The Influence of Peers During Adolescence
Parents as socializers
A Longitudinal Study of Gendered Vocabulary and Communicative Action in Young Children
Gender, affiliation, assertion, and the interactive context of parent–child play
Sex-typing behavior and sex-typing pressure in child/parent interaction
Associations Among Gender-Linked Toy Preferences, Spatial Ability, and Digit Ratio
Gender Nonconformity, Sexual Orientation, and Psychological Well-Being
Peer Group Status of Gender Dysphoric Children
Carmichael's Manual of Child Psychology, Vol. 2
Statistical principles in experimental design.
The Influence of Sex of Child on Parental Reactions to Toddler Children
The social worlds of childhood
Changes in family roles, socialization, and sex differences
Origins of early sex-role development
The Young Child
An in vivo analysis of reinforcing contingencies for sex-role behaviors in the preschool child
The influence of sex of peer on the social behavior of preschool children
Sex differences in toddlers' behavior and parental reaction
Reinforcement of sex-typed behaviors of two-year-old children in a nursery school setting
Differential consequences provided by mothers and fathers for their sons and daughters
Conceptions of sex role
Parents' differential reactions to sons and daughters
| Unique citing works | 122 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,65 |
| Citation span | 1980 - 2026 (47) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 98 |