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Food-frequency questionnaires

A review of their design, validation and utilisation

Bibliographic Data

ID23388441
AuthorsJanet Cade (0000-0003-3421-0121, University of Leeds, corresponding author), J E Cade, V J Burley (0000-0003-0282-2932, University of Leeds), Daniel Warm (University of Southampton), D L Warm, Rachel Thompson (0000-0001-7233-0242, University of Southampton), R L Thompson, B M Margetts (University of Southampton)
Year2004
Volume17
Issue1
Pages5-22
Publication date2004-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueNutrition Research Reviews (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0954-4224 • E-ISSN: 1475-2700
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1079/nrr200370
PMID19079912
OpenAlexW2155756215
LanguageEN
Citations received54
References cited165

A review of the literature concerning the design, utilisation and validation of food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) has been carried out using a semi-systematic approach to obtaining, reviewing and extracting data from articles. Databases were searched from 1980 to 1999. The present review identified 227 validation (from 1980 to September 1999) and 164 utilisation (for 1998 only) studies. A number of design issues have been evaluated through the present review. These include: the need to consider how portion sizes have been described, self-defined giving higher mean correlations; how an FFQ was administered, interviewer-administered giving higher mean correlations for some nutrients; how many items to include on an FFQ, those with the largest number of items having higher correlations. Validation techniques were described. Most validation studies involved comparing an FFQ against another dietary assessment method; only 19 % compared an FFQ to a biomarker. Measurement differences were most commonly assessed by correlation coefficients as opposed to other more appropriate methods. Mean correlation coefficients were highest for Ca and fat, and lowest for vitamin A and vegetables. The utilisation studies showed that FFQ were most commonly used in cross-sectional surveys, with ninety-three of the FFQ being designed to be disease-specific. The present review results were presented to a group of experts and a consensus arrived at concerning the development, validation and use of FFQ. Recommendations derived from the consensus arising from the literature review are presented as an appendix to the present paper.

Biomarker · Environmental health · Food frequency questionnaire · Nutritional epidemiology · Pathology · Portion size · Statistics · Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Epidemiology · Food Science · Mathematics · Medicine · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet

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Unique citing works54
Citations per year2,7
Citation span2006 - 2024 (19)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 52
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