The Psychological Underpinnings of Democracy
A Selective Review of Research on Political Tolerance, Interpersonal Trust, and Social Capital
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23388643 |
|---|---|
| Authors | J L Sullivan (University of Minnesota), John E Transue (0000-0002-0416-5377, University of Minnesota) |
| Year | 1999 |
| Volume | 50 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 625-650 |
| Publication date | 1999-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Annual Review of Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0066-4308 • E-ISSN: 1545-2085 |
| Publisher | Annual Reviews (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.625 |
| PMID | 15012465 |
| OpenAlex | W2157472472 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 224 |
| References cited | 39 |
This chapter explores two psychological orientations that support democratic governance. First, robust democracies require citizens to tolerate others' efforts to participate in politics, even if they promote unpopular views. Research shows that citizens' political tolerance is influenced strongly by the depth of their commitment to democratic values, by their personality, and by the degree to which they perceive others as threatening. Cross-national research generalizes many of these findings to other countries. Second, robust democracies need citizens who will participate in politics. Almond and Verba's cross-national research shows that interpersonal trust and other features of political culture enhance citizen involvement in politics. Inglehart expanded the political culture framework in his work on post-materialism, interpersonal trust, life satisfaction, and cognitive mobilization. Recent theories of social capital also emphasize the role of generalized interpersonal trust, membership in voluntary associations, and norms of reciprocity in enhancing political participation and democracy.
American political science · Democracy · Interpersonal communication · Interpersonal relationship · Political science · Political socialization · Politics · Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) · Social capital · Social science · Sociology · Law · Psychology · Social and Cultural Dynamics · Social Capital and Networks · Social Media and Politics · Social Psychology
Navigating secularism and diversity
Causal Evidence for the Role of Respect Norms in Promoting Tolerance
Democratization and Research Methods
Prerequisites of deliberative democracy
O escutismo na construção das cidadanias juvenis
Dissent and opposition among ex-combatants in Liberia
Práticas artísticas comunitárias e participação cívica e política na ação de três grupos teatrais em Portugal
Ethnicity Situation and Intolerant Attitudes in Multicultural Societies in the Medan City
The role of cross-situational stimulus generalization in the formation of trust towards face
Papers 98/1. Número complet
Definisi, Konsep dan Teori Toleransi Beragama
What Does National Resilience Mean in a Democracy? Evidence from the United States and Israel
Determinants and Consequences of Social Trust
Trust at zero acquaintance
School and community climates and civic commitments
An Ethnographer Looks at Neo-Nazi and Klan Groups
‘Like a Fish in the Water’
Adolescents' trust and reciprocity toward friends, unknown peers, and community members
Developmental Patterns of Social Trust Between Early and Late Adolescence
The Theatre of Democratization
Transitional Justice
Historical Context
Limited Liberalism
Acronyms
Conclusion
Note on Usage
Group Relations and Tolerance
The People and the Constitution
Values, Psychology of
Political Tolerance
Confucianism and Democratization in East Asia
Political Choice in Britain
Information and Expression in a Digital Age
Personality Strength and Social Capital
Communication, Context, and Community
Social Axioms
How is civic engagement developed over time? Emerging answers from a multidisciplinary field
Demokratisierung und Freiheitsstreben
Political Intolerance in the Context of Democratic Theory
Effects of Knowledge and Reflection in Intrapersonal Deliberation
Selective Exposure, Tolerance, and Satirical News
Cumulative and Long-Term Campaign Advertising Effects on Trust and Talk
Authoritarianism, Trust in Media, and Tolerance Among the Youth
Understanding (in)tolerance between Hosts and Refugees in Lebanon
Respect Your Enemies
When Adolescents and Emerging Adults Think Reasonable People Can Disagree about Morality and Politics
Who Endorses Environmental Activism? Understanding Public Tolerance for Radical Environmental Action in Canada
Tolerance
Para uma Tipologia da Participação nas Práticas Artísticas Comunitárias
What reduces support for civil liberties
Utilizing personal values to explain people’s attitudes towards legal norms
Role of social, civic, and governance aspects in life satisfaction and psychological distress
The Dissociative Effects of Institutional Versus Personal and General Social Trust on Democracy
Advancing the debate on the consequences of misinformation
Does work socialisation matter? Worker engagement in political activities, attachment to democracy and openness to immigration
From Anger to Activism? How Drivers of Climate Anger Predict Protest Intention and Support
Incel Beliefs and Support for Political Violence Among U.S. Males
Crossing religious boundaries
Calling Out Injustice
Exploring the Cross-Cultural Generalizability and Scope of Morally Motivated Intolerance
Vicarious Justifications for Prejudice in the Application of Democratic Values
Valuing Liberty or Equality? Empathetic Personality and Political Intolerance of Harmful Speech
Legal analysis of freedom of expression and online humour in Indonesia
Are immigrants allowed to criticize the government? Ingroup identity, economic threat, and majority group support for immigrant civil liberties in the US, Switzerland, and Turkey
Social and economic determinants of support for a strong non-democratic leader in democracies differ from non-democracies
Intolerance of non-Muslim political rights and engagement in political violence
Intergroup Toleration and Its Implications for Culturally Diverse Societies
Political tolerance of demobilizing armed actors
Social capital, voluntary associations and collective action
Voting Their Conscience
Evaluating the Effect of Descriptive Norms on Political Tolerance
News Coverage of Social Protests and the Effects of Photographs and Prior Attitudes
Political party preference and social trust in four Nordic countries
Framing genetic risk
Media audience homophily
The computer-mediated communication network
The Importance of Norms
The anatomy of social capital of a Canadian indigenous community
Experiences of justice in school and attitudes towards democracy
Sense of justice in school and civic attitudes
Deliberation in citizenship education
Learning whom to trust in repeated social interactions
The importance of social-cognitive development and the developmental context for group dynamics
Challenges in coordination
Authoritarian Youth
Generalized trust and diversity in the classroom
Social capital - a neglected issue in diabetes control
A social trap for the climate? Collective action, trust and climate change risk perception in 35 countries
Satisfaction with Democracy and Social Capital
Becoming a youth activist in the internet age
The Revolution Will be Networked
Engagement in civic organisations in old age
The shaping of national identity in diverse Nigerian secondary schools
City assessments and local policy preferences
Gender Differences in Social Dominance Orientation
Support for Democracy in Malawi
Evolution, Empowerment, and Emancipation
Fear of terrorism and support for non-democratic rule in democracies
Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy
In game we trust? Coplay and generalized trust in and beyond a Chinese MMOG world
Political tolerance and American democracy
Polyarchy
With Malice toward Some
Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society
The Silent Revolution
The American Ethos
Modernization and Postmodernization
Postmaterialism and the Emerging Soviet Democracy
Voice and Equality
Cultural Prerequisites to a Successfully Functioning Democracy
Making Democracy Work
Democratic Values and the Transformation of the Soviet Union
The "Pictures in Our Heads" and Individual-Targeted Tolerance
Fundamental Principles of Democracy
Postmaterialism and the Emerging Soviet Democracy
Why Do Bowling and Singing Matter? Group Characteristics, Membership, and Generalized Trust
What Makes Democracies Endure
Toward an Empirical Theory of Tolerance
Political Intolerance in the USSR
Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital
The Structure of Attitudinal Tolerance in the United States
Why Politicians Are More Tolerant
Will More Countries Become Democratic
Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties
Homosexuals and the Ku Klux Klan
Procedural Norms and Tolerance
The Political Consequences of Intolerance
Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance
A "Cognitive Miser" Theory of Cooperators Advantage
Some Conditions of Democracy
Consensus and Ideology in American Politics
Mass Opposition to the Soviet Putsch of August 1991
Civic Culture and Democracy
| Unique citing works | 224 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,62 |
| Citation span | 2000 - 2026 (27) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 207 |