Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Cognitive Grammar

A Basic Introduction

Bibliographic Data

ID23398334
AuthorsRonald W Langacker (0009-0009-7345-455X, corresponding author), Ronald Langacker (University of California San Diego)
Year2008
Pages584
Publication date2008-02-14
Open AccessNo
TypeBOOK
VenueCognitive Grammar (SOURCE_BOOK)
PublisherOxford University PressNew York (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001
OpenAlexW600197013
Open LibraryOL10135271M
ISBN9780195331967
LanguageEN
Citations received848
References cited82

Cognitive Grammar is a radical alternative to the formalist theories that have dominated linguistic theory during the last half century. Instead of an objectivist semantics based on truth conditions or logical deduction, it adopts a conceptualist semantics based on human experience, our capacity to construe situations in alternate ways, and processes of imagination and mental construction. A conceptualist semantics makes possible an account of grammar which views it as being inherently meaningful (rather than an autonomous formal system). Grammar forms a continuum with lexicon, residing in assemblies of symbolic structures, i.e. pairings of conceptual structures and symbolizing phonological structures. Thus all grammatical elements are meaningful. It is shown in detail how Cognitive Grammar handles the major problems a theory of grammar has to deal with: grammatical classes, constructions, the relationship of grammar and lexicon, the capturing of regularities, and imposition of the proper restrictions. It is further shown how the framework applies to central domains of language structure: deixis, nominal structure, clausal structure, and complex sentences. Consideration is also given to discourse, the temporal dimension of grammar, and what it reveals about cognitive processes and the construction of our mental world.

Cognition · Cognitive grammar · Cognitive linguistics · Cognitive science · Conceptual Blending · Construction Grammar · Emergent grammar · Epistemology · Exemplification · Grammar · Lexicon · Linguistics · Meaning (existential) · Theoretical linguistics · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition · Natural Language Processing Techniques · Philosophy · Psychology · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation · Grammar, syntax, linguistic structure · Language · Language Arts · Language Arts & Disciplines · Literacy

  • An interactional history of categorization and reference to an embodied action

    Open Access•Arnulf Deppermann, Axel Schmidt•Research on Language and Social…•2026

  • Metonymy and metaphor in grammar

    Klaus-Uwe Panther, Linda L Thornburg et al.•Metonymy and metaphor in grammar•2009

  • Exploring ‘psychoscapes’

    Open Access•E Dimitris Kitis•Linguistic Landscape An…•2026

  • Speakst Du English? Morphological Code-Mixing in German–English Bilingual Children

    Open Access•Antje Endesfelder Quick, Stefan Hartmann et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • Metonymy

    Open Access•Jeannette Littlemore•Metonymy•2015

  • Fictive interaction in blended networks in the daily show with Jon Stewart

    Open Access•Paula Freitas Rebelo Da Fonseca•2016

  • Argumentação, cognição e discurso

    Open Access•Douglas Rabelo De Sousa•2019

  • Domínios conceituais das construções locativas, existenciais, comitativas e possessivas em línguas bantas

    Open Access•Paulo Jeferson Pilar Araújo•2013

  • Evidentials in Uralic Languages

    Elena K Skribnik, Elena Skribnik et al.•Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality•2018

  • Evidentiality in Mongolic

    Benjamin Brosig, Elena K Skribnik et al.•Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality•2018

  • Yeats and Modern Poetry

    Open Access•Edna Longley•Yeats and Modern Poetry•2013

  • Cognition and Motivation

    Open Access•Shulamith Kreitler•Cognition and Motivation•2012

  • Partitive Determiners, Partitive Pronouns and Partitive Case

    Open Access•Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO, Petra Sleeman et al.•Partitive Determiners, Partitive…•2021

  • Polar kya in Urdu

    Open Access•Jabir Hussain•PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES…•2023

  • Analytical and philosophical issues of studying current problems in the development of modern derivatology

    Open Access•Yuri Shepel, Nataliia Pidmohylna et al.•Linguistics and Culture Review•2021

  • Comparing languages and cultures

    Open Access•Barbara Lewandowska‐tomaszczyk•Russian Journal of Linguistics•2021

  • Graus de comprometimento do jornalista em manchetes de discurso reportado

    Open Access•Caroline Soares, Lilian Ferrari•Cadernos de Linguística e Teoria…•2021

  • The Construalization of Sequential Scenes in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code

    Open Access•Mustafa Abdulsahib Abdulkareem, Ahmed Sahib Mubarak•International Journal of…•2022

  • A Study on the Translation Strategies of The Nine Songs from the Perspective of Cognitive Construal

    Open Access•Liping Zhao, Jiju Xu•International Journal of…•2022

  • Trump’s Election Billboards

    Midya Rafiq Majeed, Aseel Muhammad Faiq•JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES•2023

  • An Analysis of Translations of "Shuidiaogetou-mingyuejishiyou" from the Perspective of Construal Theory

    Open Access•Chen Xueting•Academic Journal of Humanities &…•2021

  • A Comparative Study of the English Versions of Li He’s Poem “The Song of the Yanmen Gate” on Cognitive Construal

    Open Access•Pan Zhenxiao, Zhenxiao Pan•European Journal of Literature…•2020

  • Exploitation of construal operations in evaluating poetic translated works

    Open Access•Dhaifullah Zamil Harbi, Mustafa Abdulsahib Abdulkareem•International Journal of Health…•2022

  • Skema Citra Identitas pada Metafora dalam Lagu-Lagu Kings Of Convenience

    Open Access•Ariani Dwi Puteri, Tajudin Nur•Ilmu Budaya Jurnal Bahasa Sastra…•2024

  • Kajian Semantik Prototipe Terhadap Istilah “Desa Wisata”

    Open Access•Ari Wulandari•SASDAYA Gadjah Mada Journal of…•2020

  • Predicate- Argument Structure of Emotive Verbs in the English Language

    Open Access•Olga Baranovska•Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo…•2020

  • La conceptualización del núcleo en las construcciones (pseudo)partitivas

    Open Access•María Cecilia Romero, Mariana Morón Usandivaras•Anuario de Letras Lingüística y…•2022

  • Construcionalização Do Conector Agora Que Em Perspectiva Funcional Centrada No Uso

    Open Access•Francisco Clébio De Figueiredo, Telma Patrícia Nunes Chagas Almeida et al.•Revista Linguagens & Letramentos•2022

  • La rigidez de las formas

    Open Access•Mariana Cucatto•Revista Latinoamericana de…•2022

  • Phraseology and the Implementation of Cognitive Grammar in Translation Didactics

    Open Access•Olaf Immanuel Seel•CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria…•2021

  • Italiano y español

    Open Access•Nicola Florio•CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria…•2022

  • Perspectivas onomasiológica e semasiológica nos estudos de neologia

    Open Access•Bruno Oliveira Maroneze, João Henrique Lara Ganança•LaborHistórico•2020

  • Hot spots and emerging trends in ‘event’ research in linguistics (2001–2023)

    Open Access•Sirong He, Azianura Hani Shaari•Cogent Arts and Humanities•2025

  • Multifuncionalidade da palavra eto

    Open Access•Diego Leite De Oliveira•RUS (São Paulo)•2013

  • Types of Modality in South Slavic Stative Reflexive-Dative Constructions

    Open Access•Лилјана Митковска, Liljana Mitkovska•Slovene•2019

  • Caused-Motion Constructions in Chinese

    Open Access•Ronald Fong•Ampersand•2020

  • I still hope it’s just a blip”

    Open Access•Monika Pleyer•Discourse Context & Media•2025

  • A matrix of cognitive domains at the service of the metaphoric delegitimisation of politicians

    Open Access•Gracia Piñero Piñero•Discourse Context & Media•2017

  • On some Problematic Aspects of Subjectification

    Elena Smirnova•Language Dynamics and Change•2012

  • A construct of cognitive discourse functions for conceptualising content-language integration in CLIL and multilingual education

    Christiane Dalton‐puffer, Christiane Dalton-Puffer•European Journal of Applied…•2013

  • Metáfora, metonimia y blending en construcciones ditransitivas del kamaiurá

    Open Access•Enrique Huelva Unternbäumen•Revista Brasileira de Linguística…•2016

  • Category of Modality Through the Prism of Multipole Approaches in the Modern Translation Theory

    Open Access•Nataliia Holubenko, Vladislava Demetskaya•Journal of History Culture and…•2020

  • Semantic Transformations

    Open Access•Peter Gärdenfors•Language and Semiotic Studies•2015

  • Metaphoric and Literal Readings for Spatial Prepositions

    Open Access•Francesco-Alessio Ursini•Language and Semiotic Studies•2015

  • Iconicity of the Poetic Form

    Open Access•Xitlally Rivero Romero, Claudia Reyes Trigos•Language and Semiotic Studies•2015

  • Struktury propozycjonalno-semantyczne w bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich zdaniach ufundowanych na predykatach w formie verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi

    Open Access•Aleksander Kiklewicz•Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski•2018

  • Presencia liminar del percepto poético en Marfa, Texas, de Coral Bracho

    Open Access•Iván Méndez González•Desde el Sur Revista de Ciencias…•2016

  • Noun modification in Shinyiha

    Open Access•Devet Goodness•Ghana Journal of Linguistics•2021

  • Atenuación y expansión de ahorita en la Ciudad de México, un cambio analizado desde el tiempo aparente

    Open Access•Daniel Granados, Daniel Horacio Castañeda Granados•Cuadernos de Lingüística de El…•2021

  • Vantage Point as a Mechanism in Talk Show Discourse

    Open Access•Tatyana Galich•Vestnik Volgogradskogo…•2017

  • Towards an integrated model of metaphorical linguistic expressions in English

    Open Access•Ariadna Strugielska•Language Value•2019

  • Cognitive Model types and the constructicon

    Open Access•Francisco Ruiz De Mendoza Ibáñez, Alba Luzondo Oyón•Antares letras e humanidades•2018

  • Uma Análise Dos Mecanismos De Conceptualização Do Verbo “Cair” Em Dados Multimodais

    Open Access•Hayat Passos Ferraz Pinheiro, André Lisboa Santos et al.•PROLÍNGUA•2021

  • As bases conceituais dos conectores condicionais em português

    Open Access•Taísa Peres De Oliveira•Revista Odisseia•2019

  • A construção SN+V+SNNU e o processo cognitivo de chunking

    Open Access•Maria Angélica Furtado Da Cunha, Aline Dos Santos Silva Chaves•Revista Odisseia•2019

  • O advérbio preposicional "antes de" em construções hipotáticas de realce não finitas

    Open Access•Marcos Luiz Wiedemer, Fábio Rodrigo Gomes Da Costa•Revista Odisseia•2019

  • A Construção de Movimento Causado no português brasileiro

    Open Access•Fernanda Ribeiro, Lilian Ferrari et al.•Revista Odisseia•2019

  • Fatores semânticos, sociointeracionais e cognitivos da construção modalizadora com ficar de + infinitivo

    Open Access•Edvaldo Balduino Bispo, Letícia Teixeira Santos•Revista Odisseia•2019

  • Processos de formação de palavras e sala de aula de língua indígena

    Open Access•Antonio Almir Silva Gomes, Walker Douglas Pincerati•Raído•2021

  • Sinais adjetivos da Libras em uma abordagem cognitiva

    Open Access•Glênia Aguiar Belarmino da Silva Sessa, Sandra Bernardo•Revista (Con)Textos Linguísticos•2021

  • Saliência Cognitiva Do Causativo Da Voz Média Em Português

    Open Access•Maria Claudete Lima•Revista (Con)Textos Linguísticos•2020

  • Phrasal Verbs, Composicionalidade E Idiomaticidade

    Open Access•Natalia Silva, SANDRA APARECIDA FARIA DE ALMEIDA•Revista (Con)Textos Linguísticos•2020

  • Provocações morfológicas à gramática cognitiva

    Open Access•Janderson Luiz Lemos De Souza•Revista Diadorim•2020

  • Equivalence and polyvalence

    Open Access•Andreas Widoff•Public Journal of Semiotics•2022

  • Against arbitrariness

    Open Access•Hubert Kowalewski•Public Journal of Semiotics•2015

  • The Online Visual Group Formation of the Far Right

    Open Access•Robin Engström•Public Journal of Semiotics•2014

  • Are prefixes always or never “empty”

    Open Access•Tatiana Pozolotina•Poljarnyj vestnik•2010

  • Space-Time Asymmetries in Russian Prepositions

    Open Access•Tore Nesset•Poljarnyj vestnik•2012

  • Sensorimotor Behaviour Reflects Lexical and Grammatical Aspect in Czech

    Open Access•M Korenar•Poljarnyj vestnik•2016

  • Emptiness is not so empty

    Open Access•Tatiana Pozolotina•Poljarnyj vestnik•2009

  • Facts and issues

    William O’grady•Linguistic Approaches to…•2013

  • Usage-Based Contact Linguistics

    Open Access•Nikolay Hakimov, Ad Backus•Journal of Language Contact•2021

  • Beyond the sentence

    Kerstin Fischer•Constructions and Frames•2010

  • El discurso como un espacio comunicativo, relacional e identitario

    Open Access•Sabine Pfleger•Andamios•2021

  • The Diachronic Mapping of Temporal Features Between English Nominals and Verbs, and the Article-Aspect Interplay

    Open Access•Krasimir Kabakčiev•Belgrade English Language and…•2021

  • Linguística funcional, linguística cognitiva e gramática de construções

    Open Access•Diogo Oliveira Ramires Pinheiro, Diogo Pinheiro et al.•Revista Linguíʃtica•2020

  • Avaliando a vitalidade linguística em contextos de multilinguismo

    Open Access•Evani Viotti, Evani De Carvalho Viotti•Revista Linguíʃtica•2020

  • Estudos gramaticais sincrônicos e diacrônicos

    Open Access•Isabella Lopes Pederneira, Tiago Luz De Oliveira•Revista Linguíʃtica•2021

  • A construção [s + a/eria] no português brasileiro segundo a Gramática Cognitiva

    Open Access•Mariana Pimentel Lopes De Souza, Janderson Luiz Lemos De Souza•Revista Linguíʃtica•2023

  • A construção X-ada

    Open Access•Julio Cesar Tavares•Revista Linguíʃtica•2021

  • A Construção Transitiva no português brasileiro

    Open Access•Nedja Lima De Lucena•Revista Linguíʃtica•2018

  • Emergência Dos Templates No Desenvolvimento Bilíngue

    Open Access•Antonio Roberto Souza Magalhães Júnior•Repositório Digital de Teses e…•2021

  • A Construção De Um Repertório De Gestos De Negação Para O Português Brasileiro

    Open Access•Beatriz Graça•Repositório Digital de Teses e…•2021

  • Estrutura de um dicionário enciclopédico do novo coronavírus organizado com base na semântica cognitiva lexical

    Open Access•Ana Flávia Souto de Oliveira, Camile Heinrich Echevarria•Revista do GEL•2024

  • Esquematicidade e produtividade na reconfiguração da rede de conectores condicionais

    Open Access•Taísa Peres De Oliveira, Camila Gabriele da Cruz Clemente•Revista do GEL•2023

  • Brilliant, Sunny and Bright

    Open Access•Georgios Ioannou•Folia linguistica et litteraria•2021

  • The Legitimacy of Chinese Outward Investment in English News — A Cognitive Approach to Discursive Legitimation

    Open Access•Yongqi Wang•Theory and Practice in Language…•2020

  • A Cognitive Study of the NP+de(的)+VP Structure in Mandarin

    Open Access•Linze Li, LI Lin-ze•Theory and Practice in Language…•2021

  • Does Conceptual Integration Theory Work? A Case Study of the English Translation of Culture-Loaded Terms in Chinese Government Work Report

    Open Access•Guobing Liu, Qianwen Jiao•Theory and Practice in Language…•2023

  • Cognitive Explanations for Deixis in Narrative Fictions

    Open Access•Junling Zhang•Theory and Practice in Language…•2022

  • How do Chinese Antonymous Cognate Words Emerge? A Study From the Perspective of Metonymy and Metaphor

    Open Access•Weiwei Pan•Journal of Language Teaching and…•2022

  • The Construal Configurations of Speakers’ Subjectivity in Narrative Fictions

    Open Access•Junling Zhang•Journal of Language Teaching and…•2022

  • Analysing aggression of social actors in political protests

    Open Access•May L-Y Wong•Journal of Aggression Conflict…•2017

  • Proprioception over Dogma

    Matylda Ciołkosz•Religions of South Asia•2018

  • Resolution of conflict of interest in Chinese civil court hearings

    Yunfeng Ge•International Journal of Speech…•2014

  • Kuhu suundub püsivus? Verbidega jääma ja jätma väljendatud sündmuste kujutamine katses

    Open Access•Ilona Tragel, Jane Klavan•Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse…•2021

  • The alternation between exterior locative cases and postpositions in Estonian web texts

    Open Access•Jane Klavan•Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse…•2021

  • Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory, (Zoltán Kövecses), Cambridge

    Open Access•Montserrat Esbrí-Blasco, Montserrat Esbrí Blasco•Cultura Lenguaje y Representación•2021

  • Winds of War

    Open Access•Juana I Marín-Arrese•Cultura Lenguaje y Representación•2021

  • Conceptual Metaphor in Meditation Discourse

    Open Access•Antonio José Silvestre-López, Antonio-José Silvestre-López•GEMA Online Journal of Language…•2020

  • Demonstratives

    Holger Diessel•Demonstratives•1999

  • Grammar and Conceptualization

    Ronald W Langacker•Grammar and Conceptualization•1999

  • More than Cool Reason

    George Lakoff, Mark Turner•More than Cool Reason•1989

  • Metaphor in Culture

    Open Access•Zoltán Kövecses•Metaphor in Culture•2005

  • First Verbs

    Open Access•M Tomasello•First Verbs•1992

  • Cognitive Foundations of Grammar

    Bernd Heine•Cognitive foundations of grammar•1997

  • The Semantics of English Prepositions

    Open Access•Andrea Tyler, Vyvyan Evans•Semantics of English Prepositions•2003

  • Mappings in Thought and Language

    Open Access•Gilles Fauconnier•Mappings in Thought and Language•1997

  • Cognitive Linguistics

    Open Access•William Croft, Diana Cruse et al.•Cognitive Linguistics•2004

  • Grammaticalization

    Open Access•Paul J Hopper, Elizabeth Closs Traugott•Grammaticalization•2003

  • Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure

    Pa Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure Pittsburgh, Joan Bybee…•Frequency and the Emergence of…•2001

  • A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.

    Allan M Collins, Elizabeth F Loftus•Psychological Review•1975

  • Perceptual symbol systems

    Open Access•Lawrence W Barsalou•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•1999

  • Information Structure and Sentence Form

    Open Access•Knud Lambrecht•Information Structure and…•1994

  • Morphology

    Joan L Bybee, Joan Bybee•Morphology•1985

  • The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland

    Open Access•R M W Dixon•The Dyirbal Language of North…•1972

  • The Body in the Mind

    Mark Johnson, Mark H Johnson•Body in the Mind•1987

  • Syntactic Structures

    Noam Chomsky•Syntactic Structures•1957

  • Subjectification

    Angelikē Athanasiadu, Angeliki Athanasiadou et al.•Subjectification•2006

  • Cognitive Linguistics

    Dirk Geeraerts•Cognitive Linguistics•2006

  • Grammatical relations in active systems

    Maura Velázquez‐castillo, MAURA VELÁZQUEZ-CASTILLO•Functions of Language•2003

  • Where Have all the Adjectives Gone

    R M W Dixon•Studies in Language•1977

  • “Object complements” and conversation towards a realistic account

    Scott A Thompson, Sandra A Thompson•Studies in Language•2002

  • Conceptual Mechanisms Underlying Noun and Verb Categorization

    Open Access•Margaret Kimberly Kellogg•Proceedings of the Annual Meeting…•1994

  • Energetic Reflexives in Spanish

    Open Access•Ricardo Maldonado•Proceedings of the Annual Meeting…•1988

  • Headless relatives in the southwest

    Open Access•Larry Gorbet•Proceedings of the Annual Meeting…•1977

  • The mental image

    Roger N Shepard•American Psychologist•1978

  • The definite article, accessibility, and the construction of discourse referents

    Open Access•Richard Epstein•Cognitive Linguistics•2002

  • The acquisition of finite complement clauses in English

    Open Access•Holger Diessel, M Tomasello•Cognitive Linguistics•2001

  • On the continuous debate about discreteness

    Open Access•Ronald W Langacker•Cognitive Linguistics•2006

  • Subjective motion and English and Japanese verbs

    Open Access•Yo Matsumoto•Cognitive Linguistics•1996

  • Discourse in Cognitive Grammar

    Open Access•Ronald W Langacker•Cognitive Linguistics•2001

  • Conceptual blending and the interpretation of relatives

    Open Access•Kiki Nikiforidou•Cognitive Linguistics•2005

  • Impersonal Passives and the Unaccusative Hypothesis

    Open Access•David M Perlmutter•Proceedings of the Annual Meeting…•1978

  • Gapping and grammatical relations

    Open Access•Richard A Hudson, Richard Hudson•Journal of Linguistics•1989

  • Coordination and grammatical relations

    Open Access•Richard Hudson•Journal of Linguistics•1988

  • Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things

    George Lakoff•Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things•1987

  • The Invariance Hypothesis

    Open Access•George Lakoff•Cognitive Linguistics•1990

  • From Usage to Grammar

    Open Access•Joan L Bybee, Joan Bybee•Language•2006

  • Demonstratives, joint attention, and the emergence of grammar

    Open Access•Holger Diessel•Cognitive Linguistics•2006

  • Radical Construction Grammar

    William Croft•Radical Construction Grammar•2001

  • Dictionaries and encyclopedias

    Open Access•John Haiman•Lingua•1980

  • Semantic correlates of the ergative/absolutive distinction

    Open Access•Edward L Keenan•Linguistics•1984

  • Properhood

    Open Access•Richard Coates, Richard A Coates•Language•2006

  • Space Grammar, Analysability, and the English Passive

    Ronald W Langacker•Language•1982

  • A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation

    Open Access•Harvey Sacks, Emanuel A Schegloff et al.•Language•2025

  • Passives and Related Constructions

    Masayoshi Shibatani•Language•1985

  • Conditionals Are Topics

    John Haiman•Language•1978

  • Conceptual Reference Points

    Karen Van Hoek•Language•1995

  • On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English

    Elizabeth Closs Traugott•Language•1989

  • The Discourse Basis of Ergativity

    John W Du Bois•Language•1987

  • Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse

    Paul J Hopper, Scott A Thompson et al.•Language•1980

  • Primary Objects, Secondary Objects, and Antidative

    Matthew S Dryer•Language•1986

  • The Atomization of Meaning

    Dwight Bolinger•Language•1965

  • Information status and Word Order

    Betty J Birner•Language•1994

  • Active/agentive Case Marking and Its Motivations

    Marianne Mithun•Language•1991

  • Classifiers

    Kenneth Allan, Keith Allan•Language•1977

  • Syntax

    Talmy Givón•Syntax•1984

  • Ergativity, Case, and Transitivity in Eastern Pomo

    Sally Mclendon•International Journal of American…•1978

  • Speech Acts

    Open Access•John R Searle•Speech acts•1969

Unique citing works848
Citations per year49,88
Citation span2009 - 2026 (18)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 589

Tools

Open DOILibgen
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae