Surveillance and Control in Imperial Expansion

This chapter continues Chapter 7’s theme of the state’s wielding empire-wide power. Forcible population movement continued, mapping of the realm intensified, and regular censuses of the taxpaying population were instituted. Communications improved, with the coach system integrated into a new mail system. Canals, particularly serving St. Petersburg, were also improved, as were military provisioning, grain reserves for major cities, and public health procedures. The chapter also describes how the judicial procedure and punishment regimes of the 1649 Lawcode remained in force as successive efforts of codification failed, but legal reform in the 1770s–80s created a more complex hierarchy of courts.

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