Epilogue

The epilogue summarizes what the two texts of the Muziris papyrus tell us about the pepper and ivory production of the ancient Cēra kingdom, South Indian commercial connections with the Ganges Valley, the logistics of the Red Sea–Alexandria transports, the complex relationships between the South India traders and the contractors of the Red Sea tax, and the assessment and payment of the import and export customs duties. It also looks at what the two texts do not mention—the part of pearls and precious stones in the South India trade of the mid-second century ad. Furthermore, a speculative estimate of the commercial venture final balance is attempted.

Ancient history · Archaeology · Balance of payments · Business · Economics · Economy · Export trade · Geography · International economics · International trade · Papyrus · Payment · Political science · Sea transport · Ancient Near East History · Eurasian Exchange Networks · Finance · Global Maritime and Colonial Histories · History