Conclusion

Islam has played an important, albeit indirect, role in Russian history and has arguably accounted for some common fundamental characteristics between contemporary Russian society and those in the Islamic East. Among them are a tendency towards political despotism and a deficit of established and democratic procedures in the acquisition, appliance and transfer of power; undeveloped civic solidarity; the prevalence of collective over individual values; extensive predatory patterns of behaviour; incomplete secularization of individual and public consciousness; and the strength of emotional, mystical and contemplative attitudes to life. 1 The proto-Russians’ interaction with Muslims and Islamic culture was one of the central factors in the formation of Russian ethnicity, which occurred between the eighth and tenth centuries. 2 The main agents of Islamic influence were various Muslim peoples of the Khazar Khaganat and subsequently Volga Bulgaria, and to a lesser extent Khwarasm, Soghdiana, Bukhara, Samarkand, Sassanid Iran and the Arab Caliphate. Their impact was crucial in the initial formation of the political and legal norms and economic practices of the then pagan proto-Russians. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Ancient history · Caliphate · Democracy · Islam · Political science · Politics · Power (physics) · Secularization · Solidarity · Sufism · Eurasian Exchange Networks · Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies · History · Law · Linguistics and language evolution · Philosophy · Religious studies

• Islam in European thought

  Jacob M Landau•History of European Ideas•1992

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