Rubber

In Chapter 5, both the situations on the Guthrie and Sinoe rubber plantations serve as vivid examples of how extralegal groups emerge, develop, and become entrenched. The theoretical framework guides the analysis of the Guthrie and Sinoe Groups, as well as the failure of two other nascent extralegal groups in the rubber sector. The relatively low barriers to entry (minimal capital and skills) allow extralegal groups to flourish in the rubber sector. Where and how these groups emerged was a function of the demand for contract enforcement and the supply of ex-combatants available to meet this demand, as with the Sinoe Group. On the Guthrie plantation, the group’s emergence came near the end of the war. In both cases, the tax collection process strengthened these extralegal groups organizationally, allowing them to develop their own local power bases, which was then further strengthened by bribing and coercing local authorities.

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