Texas-Style Exclusion

Texas-Style Exclusion shows that Mexican immigrants, the nation’s largest contemporary immigrant group, encountered an inhospitable environment when they started settling in Texas in the early twentieth century. It was far more repressive and offered far fewer opportunities than those provided to the millions of children of immigrants living in the Northeast and Midwest. Moreover, the initial disadvantages for Mexican immigrants living in Texas in the 1920s and 1930s were transmitted to their children, and to some extent their grandchildren, leading to their slow rates of upward mobility and social integration. The authors focus especially on educational attainment since it is a major indicator of a group’s socioeconomic position in the United States. Educational attainment is strongly related to a person’s access to schooling and is a crucial predictor of other important life outcomes, including income, occupation, health, and even length of life. Unlike other indicators of immigrant integration such as income, occupation, or residential segregation, education is easily interpretable and is measured consistently across all the census data sources examined.

Archaeology · Geography · Political science · Style (visual arts) · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy

• Cross-Era Gender Differences in Educational Attainment Among Second-Generation Immigrants

  Open Access•Jennifer Van Hook, Kendal Lowrey•International Migration Review•2025

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