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Resumo

This article aims to track and examine the social construction of state—voluntary sector relationships in the mixed economy of welfare in Korea. Against the prevailing perception that welfare contributions of Korean voluntary organizations began with the emergence of civil society in the democratization period of the late 1980s, it is claimed that the Korean welfare system has always contained a mixture of welfare providers, in which the state and the voluntary sector have played different parts at different historical junctures, even if the power balance between the two sectors has been challenged and changed over time. The main analytical tools are based on the historical institutionalist approach with an emphasis on both how the state controlled and regulated the voluntary sector through institutional adaptations, and how the voluntary sector marshalled its collective action in response to state intervention. It is concluded that the historiography of the Korean welfare system can be rewritten by varying but subsequent phases of social control, which are socially constructed by the different combinations of political and economic power between the state and the voluntary sector: legitimization, mobilization, cooptation and accommodation.

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