Raw Materials, Technology, and Innovation

Bibliographic Data

ID23577113
AuthorsRupert Gebhard (0000-0003-1446-1070, Archaeology, Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, corresponding author)
Year2018
Pages797-818
Publication date2018-09-10
Open AccessNo
TypeCHAPTER
VenueOxford Handbook of the European Iron Age (SOURCE_BOOK)
PublisherOxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696826.013.17
OpenAlexW2892788600
ISBN9780199696826
LanguageEN
References cited12

The ascendancy of iron as the main metal in Iron Age Europe was accompanied by important innovations in the working and manufacture of many other raw materials, both inorganic and organic, from salt to stone. In many areas, traditional small-scale processing for domestic use gave way to mass production for a wider market. This was made possible by the mastery of high-temperature processes and the introduction of new techniques, among them the fast potter’s wheel, double-chambered kilns for pottery firing, and soldering. Cooperation between craftworkers specializing in different trades was often the basis for new products and developments. At the same time, intensification of contacts and trade with the Mediterranean world introduced not only new materials, such as glass and enamel, but also standardized size and weight systems, and coinage. Many new types of artefact are found for the first time, including tools, and musical and medical instruments.

Archaeology · Architectural engineering · Business · Cartography · Commerce · Forensic engineering · Geography · Kiln · Pottery · Raw material · Scale (ratio) · Waste management · Chemistry · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis · Engineering · Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts · Mineralogy and Gemology Studies

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