The Problem of Pétain

The State Politics of Difficult Reputations

Bibliographic Data

ID2363712
AuthorsBaptiste Brossard (0000-0002-9539-9290, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia), Gary Alan Fine (0000-0002-2431-1562, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, corresponding author)
Year2022
Volume65
Issue2
Pages278-296
Publication date2022-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSociological Perspectives (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0731-1214 • E-ISSN: 1533-8673
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0731121421997501
OpenAlexW3136328105
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited28

How do governments commemorate salient national figures with contested reputations? The case of Marshal Philippe Pétain, whose fame followed World War I (WWI), but was later stigmatized for having led the Nazi-affiliated Vichy regime during World War II (WWII), suggests that political leaders consider the interests of competing groups. In the case of Pétain, these include veterans' organizations, Jewish heritage groups, leftists, and, eventually, the rightist National Front. State leaders attempt to reconcile these pressures in the hope of avoiding politically damaging conflicts. Successful commemorations reinforce the legitimacy of the State as the guardian of symbolic compatibility between visions of history and morality. Recognizing memorialization as political process, we describe how Presidents of France attempt to distinguish an honorable Pétain from a dishonorable one. We describe four strategies by which states address difficult reputations: erasing, selecting, reconciling, and differentiating. Competing groups may create ambiguous meanings, attacking the State, while keeping distant from those with difficult reputations

Legitimacy · Nazism · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · World War II · European Political History Analysis · French Historical and Cultural Studies · Law · Social and Cultural Dynamics

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