Indigenous Holism and Complex Systems

Indigenous knowledge is holistic in the way it deals with the world. Several scholars have interpreted Indigenous holistic thinking as a kind of complex systems thinking ( Walsh et al. 2013 ). Some have modelled it mathematically ( Lansing et al. 1998 ) and others qualitatively ( Alcorn and Toledo 1998 ). One particularly far-reaching effort was Howitt&s;s (2002) combination of Australian Indigenous knowledge systems with phenomenological thought to propose a framework that envisions time, space, place, and geographic scale as analytical elements of cultural landscapes.

Complex system · Cultural system · Holism · Indigenous · Scale (ratio) · Systems theory · Systems thinking · Traditional knowledge · Chaos, Complexity, and Education · Environmental, Ecological, and Cultural Studies · Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights