Gis
History
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23729951 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Nigel Waters (0000-0001-8812-8671, University of Calgary, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2017 |
| Pages | 1-12 |
| Publication date | 2017-03-06 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | CHAPTER |
| Venue | International Encyclopedia of Geography (SOURCE_BOOK) |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0841 |
| OpenAlex | W4230358112 |
| ISBN | 9781118786352 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 9 |
An account is given of the military, government, and academic antecedents that preceded the formal development of GIS in terms of software, hardware, and conceptual developments. The widely recognized origin of the first GIS, the Canada Geographic Information System, during the 1960s is described. Accomplishments of the Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis are reviewed, along with the formation of Esri and other leading software companies. Developments in academia, including the establishment of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis in 1988 and the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science in 1995, are discussed. The origins of geographic information science in the early 1990s and its importance in redefining the field of GIS and the reactions to this new orientation are explained. New trends in GIS, including public participation GIS, volunteered geographic information, cloud computing, big data, geodesign, and a people‐based geographic information science, are reviewed.
Cartography · Data science · Field (mathematics) · Geographic information system · Geography · GIS and public health · GIS applications · GIS Day · Government (linguistics) · Public participation GIS · Computer Science · Data Management and Algorithms · Geographic Information Systems Studies · Geological Modeling and Analysis
| Citations per year | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Highly cited | No |