From Provincial Autonomy to Armed Resistance

The study explores the transformation of the Baloch ethnic movement in Pakistan from demands of autonomy to armed resistance. Qualitative methodology is used to examine how political marginalization, economic exploitation, and cultural suppression have shaped Baloch ethno-nationalist identity. The historical analysis technique is used to trace its trajectory. Semistructured interviews are conducted with political activists, civil society members, and academics. Results of historical analysis and interviews show unanimous agreement that political exclusion is the core driver of conflict, while economic marginalization and weak administration exacerbate tensions. Thematic analysis reveals a generational shift from tribal leadership to urban, youth-led, and female-led activism. The findings of research indicate that military operations by the state have intensified the ethnic identity crisis and fragmented the nationalist movements. The study concludes that lasting peace depends on the decentralization of power, efficient administration, and the incorporation of Baloch identity into national political discourse. This research, by combining empirical evidence with policy insights, offers a comprehensive understanding of ethno-political mobilization in post-colonial contexts and practical directions for conflict resolution.

Autonomy · Decentralization · Ethnic group · Ethnic nationalism · Identity (music) · National identity · Nationalism · Politics · State (computer science) · Belt and Road Initiative · Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East · South Asian Studies and Conflicts