Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Santalum spicatum (R.Br.) A.DC. and Santalum album L. essential oils
Activity against clinical isolates, modulation of ROS production in keratinocytes, and inhibition of eicosanoid pathway enzymes
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 24227713 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Pilar Cebollada (0009-0002-3537-9439), Eleonora Spinozzi (0000-0002-1216-1368), Elena Alvarado, Cristina Seral (0000-0002-9742-1463), Riccardo Petrelli (0000-0002-4760-1204), Filippo Maggi (0000-0003-1375-4744), Víctor López (0000-0001-6969-1055) |
| Year | 2027 |
| Volume | 373 |
| Pages | 122262 |
| Publication date | 2027-01-01 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Ethnopharmacology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0378-8741 • E-ISSN: 1872-7573 |
| Publisher | Elsevier BV (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jep.2026.122262 |
| PMID | 42551663 |
| OpenAlex | W7172426705 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 68 |
Ethnopharmacological relevance Products derived from Santalum species have been valued for centuries in religious practices and traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for treating various conditions, including inflammatory and skin disorders. Aim of the study This study investigated the impact of two essential oils, S. album L. and S. spicatum (R.Br.) A.DC. on bacterial isolates obtained from skin samples, as well as their impact on mammalian cells and enzymes involved in the eicosanoid cascade. Materials and methods Chemical composition was analyzed by GC–MS. Antibacterial activity against clinical isolates was assessed by broth microdilution to determine minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Cytotoxicity in HaCaT and HFF-1 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), and phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) was also determined. Results α-Santalol and β-santalol were identified in both essential oils, with higher relative abundance in S. album. Both oils were active against Gram-positive isolates, with MIC values of 15.625–62.5 μg mL -1 and MBC values of 31.25–125 μg mL -1 , showing bactericidal activity. No evident cytotoxicity was observed below 500 μg mL -1 . Both oils inhibited 5-LOX ( S. album , 82.29 ± 8.85 μg mL -1 ; S. spicatum , 121.33 ± 52.03 μg mL -1 ) and PLA 2 (100.12 ± 41.36 and 114.21 ± 17.25 μg mL -1 , respectively), while S. spicatum also showed COX inhibitory activity. Conclusions These findings demonstrate in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive clinical isolates and modulation of eicosanoid-related enzymes, supporting further investigation of the biological relevance of both essential oils in inflammatory processes.
5-lipoxygenase inhibition · anti-inflammatory activity · Antibacterial activity · clinical isolates · cyclooxygenase inhibition · Cytotoxicity · eicosanoid pathway · Gram-positive bacteria · HaCaT keratinocytes · keratinocytes · phospholipase A2 inhibition · sandalwood essential oil · Santalum album · Santalum spicatum · α-santalol · β-santalol · Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity · Medicinal Plant Research · Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
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| Highly cited | No |
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