Historical Patterns and Trends in Racial/Ethnic Disproportionality in School Discipline in the United States

Bibliographic Data

ID2424469
AuthorsMaithreyi Gopalan (0000-0002-1013-0672, Pennsylvania State University), Sarah Asson (0009-0001-0412-5279, Pennsylvania State University), Michael Cattell (Pennsylvania State University), Elizabeth Frankenberg (0000-0002-9224-7734, Pennsylvania State University), Erica Frankenberg
Year2024
Volume10
Publication date2024-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2378-0231 • E-ISSN: 2378-0231
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/23780231241285105
OpenAlexW4402937263
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited17

This visualization represents the historical patterns and trends in racial/ethnic differences in punitive school discipline over the last five decades in K-12 public schools in the United States. Overall, out-of-school suspension rates show an inverted-U trend with significant increases between 1970 and 2010 followed by decreases in the last decade. On the other hand, corporal punishment rates (and associated racial/ethnic disparities) show a consistent negative trend since the early 1980s following statewide bans in the use of corporal punishment in schools since the 1970s. However, racial/ethnic disproportionality in school discipline remains persistent across the board; indeed, increasing until the very last few years for Black and American Indian/Alaskan Native students compared to White students

Criminology · Ethnic group · Political science · Racial bias · Racial differences · Racism · School Discipline · Sociology · Anthropology · Demography · Education Discipline and Inequality · Gender Studies · Law · Law, Rights, and Freedoms · Legal Issues in Education

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