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Resumo

Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons" (1968) has been highly influential in shaping thought about population and environmental issues. This paper discusses the conceptual and empirical challenges presented by Hardin's metaphor. It argues that Hardin's model, although seductive in its simplicity, is inadequate for understanding many common property resources. Many successful systems of management of common-pool resources exist, and these systems are generally characterized by a complex array of social arrangements. The paper concludes that the "tragedy" metaphor can be a useful starting point for analysis, but it must be elaborated to incorporate institutional and social factors if it is to contribute to the development of effective policies.

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