The Kinship Terminology of the Bannock Indians

T HE Bannock (pana'kwat)1 have long been known to belong to the Sho shonean family, but their precise position within the stock was not cleared up before 1909.Powell and Mooney, indeed, had suggested their affiliation with the Mono-faviotso group; but a brief vocabulary secured by Kroeber at Fort Hall, Idaho, led him to throw them rather into the Ute Chemehuevi group, though he inclined to the opinion that the term "Ban nock" had been loosely applied to two linguistically distinct bodies of Shoshoneans. 2 Fuller data from a Fort Hall Indian led to the rejection of this view, and Kroeber came to group Mono, Paviotso, and Bannock togeth er as Mono-Bannock, a caption retained since then. 3This classification was subsequently adopted by Waterman and Sapir"Even in this later paper, however, Kroeber did not feel certain that "the material secured represented the only Bannock dialect on Fort Hall reservation, though this seems to be the case."In December 1928 and January 1929 I made a brief trip to Fort Hall and Blackfoot, Idaho, in order to obtain additional information.This bears out the conclusions ar rived at by Kroeber in 1909.The Fort Hall Indians at present include the former occupants of the Lemhi reservation, Idaho, some distance north, whom I visited in 1906 and who were removed to their present location in the following year.There is complete agreement that these "Northern" Shoshoni speak exactly the same language as the Fort Hall Shoshoni proper.The same applies to the so-called "Sheep-eaters" formerly at Lemhi.I secured no evidence that the Fort Hall people recognize more than one form of Bannock speech.Thus the investigator has to deal with two distinct languages, Shoshoni and Ban nock.Of these, the former is numerically preponderant.The U. S. Census for 1910 gives the Shoshoni and Bannock population in Idaho as 1259 and I The term "Panai'tI" given in the Handbook of American Indians, 1: 129,1907, is evi dently the Shoshoni word pa'n'aite for the Bannock tribe.

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