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This article explores the intellectual relationship between Matthew Arnold and E.B. Tylor, focusing on their shared interest in the concept of "invention" and its role in cultural development. Stocking argues that while both acknowledged invention's importance, they differed significantly in their understanding of its nature and implications. Arnold viewed invention as a product of individual genius, crucial for societal progress and the creation of "culture." Tylor, on the other hand, emphasized the social and evolutionary aspects of invention, seeing it as a gradual, cumulative process shaped by cultural context. The article examines how these contrasting perspectives reflect broader intellectual currents of the Victorian era, particularly the debates surrounding the roles of individual agency and social forces in shaping history and culture. Stocking also highlights the influence of these ideas on the development of anthropology as a discipline.

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