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This article examines the growing popularity of Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro as a national spectacle and explores the racial politics embedded within its production and consumption. Sheriff argues that the increasing emphasis on commodifying and showcasing Carnaval for national and international audiences has led to the marginalization of Afro-Brazilian cultural practices and the appropriation of black cultural expressions for profit. The author analyzes how the official narrative of Carnaval as a symbol of Brazilian national identity often overlooks the historical contributions of Afro-Brazilians and reinforces racial inequalities. Through ethnographic research and analysis of media representations, Sheriff demonstrates how the commercialization of Carnaval has resulted in the "theft" of its cultural significance from the communities that created it, transforming it into a spectacle that caters to the desires of tourists and elites while neglecting the social and economic realities of marginalized populations.

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