The Agricultural Foundations of the Tiwanaku State
A View from the Heartland
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2575138 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Alan L Kolata (University of Illinois Chicago, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1986 |
| Volume | 51 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 748-762 |
| Publication date | 1986-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Antiquity (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0002-7316 • E-ISSN: 2325-5064 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.2307/280863 |
| OpenAlex | W1971514336 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 75 |
| References cited | 11 |
In this essay I explore the nature, role, and significance of intensive agriculture in the ancient state of Tiwanaku, which was centered in the high plateau of southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia. Significant primary evidence that the state of Tiwanaku systematically reclaimed immense tracts of now abandoned agricultural land around the borders of Lake Titicaca is adduced and evaluated.I conclude that Tiwanaku was a dynamic, expansive state based squarely on an effective, surplus-producing system of intensive agriculture, that the intensification agricultural production through large scale reclamation of flat, seasonally inundated land along the margins of Lake Titicaca was a prime economic strategy of the Tiwanaku state, and that this strategy was devised and managed by a hierarchically organized, central government
Agriculture · Archaeology · Cartography · Expansive · Geography · Government (linguistics) · Land reclamation · Plateau (mathematics) · Scale (ratio) · State (computer science) · Structural basin · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management · Geology · Paleontology
An Agent-based Model of Prehistoric Settlement Patterns and Political Consolidation in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru and Bolivia
Los sistemas precolombinos de manejo del agua en la Costa del Ecuador
Patios hundidos, encuentros rituales y el auge de Tiwanaku como centro religioso panregional
Por qué surgió Tiwanaku y no otro centro político del Formativo Tardío
Power from below in Premodern Societies
Agricultural Practice
Recapitulation and Concluding Remarks
Population and Agriculture in the Emergence of Complex Society in the Bolivian Altiplano
Early Urban Societies
Power and Landscape in Atlantic West Africa
Power from Below in the Archaeological Record
Dispersing Power
The Emergence of Monte Albán
Climate Variation and the Rise and Fall of an Andean Civilization
Tiwanaku and Its Precursors
Síntesis cultural y cronología prehispánica en la cuenca sur del lago Titicaca
Aguas con ojos. Pensando el agua a través de las imágenes animales de Tiwanaku
Ancient Greenwashing
Diet in Peru's pre-Hispanic central coast
Ecological Constraints on Violence Avoidance Tactics in the Prehispanic Central Andes
Archaeology for Sustainable Agriculture
New world complex societies
Ecosystem service provision sets the pace for pre-Hispanic societal development in the central Andes
Recent Landscape Archaeology in South America
Human Geography of the American Tropics
Tiwanaku Political Economy
Reconstructing Huari
El soplo voraz. Interpretando la iconografía de venados en Tiwanaku desde las poéticas Andino-Amazónicas
Top-down or bottom-up
Starch grain evidence of potato consumption at the Late Moche (AD 600–850) site of Wasi Huachuma, Peru
Thermal analysis of Tiwanaku raised field systems in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Bolivia
Hydraulic analysis of Tiwanaku aqueduct structures at Lukurmata and Pajchiri, Bolivia
Ancient DNA confirms crossbreeding of domestic South American camelids in two pre-conquest archaeological sites
Household Archaeology in the Andes
Field Reports
Daiting the Tiwanaku State
Análisis De Adnmt De Restos Esqueletales Del Sitio Arqueológico De Tiwanaku Y Su Relación Con El Origen De Sus Constructores
The impact of climatic change on past civilizations. A revisionist agenda for further investigation
Evaluating the relationships between climate change, population pressure, economic intensification, and childhood stress in the Prehispanic Nasca region of Peru
Prehistoric landscape management in the Andean highlands
Regional Settlement Patterns in the Tiwanaku Valley of Bolivia
The Spring-Fed Irrigation System of Carrizal, Peru
Prehistoric Raised Field Agriculture in the Casma Valley, Peru
The Ifugao agricultural landscapes
Wetland Production and Smallholder Persistence
Dental health in Northern Chile's Atacama oases
Cultural Responses to Environmental Catastrophes
Community Labor and Laboring Communities within the Tiwanaku State (C.E. 500–1100)
Why the Archaeology of Political Ecology Matters
Collapse as Cultural Revolution
Chapter 4. Locating field systems in the southern Peruvian Andes
Out of Many, One
The Hydraulic Hypothesis Revisited
Tiwanaku 'colonization
Artificial Cranial Deformation at the Omo M10 Site
Craft and Local Power
ChenopodiumCultivation and Formative Period Agriculture at Chiripa, Bolivia
Domestic Life and Vertical Integration in the Tiwanaku Heartland
Homeland Food Traditions in the Tiwanaku Colonies
The Technology and Organization of Agricultural Production in the Tiwanaku State
States and Households
Tiwanaku Settlement System
From Stewards to Bureaucrats
Social Implications from Agricultural Taskscapes in the Southwestern Amazon
Political mosaics and networks
Vegetation disturbance and human population in Colombia - a regional reconstruction
Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion
Perception and Resilience of Andean Populations Facing Climate Change
Beyond State Collapse
Class conflict, state formation and archaism
The Origin of State Societies in South America
Beyond Raised Fields
The changing 'nature' of Tiwanaku religion and the rise of an Andean state
Energetic efficiency and political expediency in Titicaca Basin raised field agriculture
Embodying borders
Aboriginal Drained-Field Cultivation in the Americas
The Tiwanaku
The Islands of Titicaca and Koati
Ancient South Americans
Advances in Andean Archaeology
Ancient Ridged Fields in the Region of Lake Titicaca
Hydraulic Engineering Aspects of the Chimu Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal
Was Huari a State
An Estimate of Size and Population for Middle Horizon Tiahuanaco, Bolivia
Population, Exchange, and Early State Formation in Southwestern Iran
| Unique citing works | 75 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,97 |
| Citation span | 1988 - 2024 (37) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 71 |