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This article examines the impact of Western concepts of descent and affinity on Amerindian societies. Rivière argues that the imposition of these Eurocentric categories has obscured the complex and diverse ways in which indigenous peoples understand kinship and social organization. He challenges the traditional anthropological approach of fitting Amerindian kinship systems into pre-defined models based on descent and alliance, advocating instead for a more nuanced understanding that takes into account indigenous perspectives and practices. Rivière explores how the emphasis on descent has led to a misinterpretation of Amerindian social structures, particularly in relation to the role of affinity and the importance of flexible and dynamic kinship networks. He illustrates his argument with examples from various Amerindian societies, demonstrating how the imposition of Western kinship categories has distorted our understanding of their social and political organization.

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