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Resumo

This article offers a concise history of ethnology, tracing its development from the 18th century to the present. It highlights key figures and schools of thought, including the contributions of early explorers, missionaries, and armchair anthropologists, as well as the rise of professional ethnology and its increasing focus on fieldwork and cross-cultural comparison. The article also touches on the influence of various theoretical perspectives, such as evolutionism, functionalism, and structuralism, on the discipline's trajectory. It concludes by acknowledging the ongoing debates and challenges facing ethnology in the late 20th century, particularly concerning its relationship to colonialism and its role in understanding human diversity.

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