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Resumo

Barrington Moore's classic work examines the relationship between agrarian structures and the political outcomes of modernization. He argues that the specific ways in which pre-industrial agrarian societies are organized, particularly the relationships between lords, peasants, and the state, heavily influence the paths these societies take towards modernity. Moore identifies three main routes to the modern world: a bourgeois revolution leading to liberal democracy (as in England, France, and the United States), a revolution from above leading to fascism (as in Germany and Japan), and a peasant revolution leading to communism (as in Russia and China). He emphasizes the role of violence and class conflict in shaping these transitions, arguing that no path to modernity is peaceful or inevitable. The book challenges simplistic modernization theories and highlights the importance of historical context and social structures in understanding political development.

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