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Resumo

This chapter explores the complex relationship between the state, mass extermination, and what the author terms "dyscivilization." Focusing on health care, education, and welfare systems in Europe and the USA during the modern era, de Swaan argues that the same state structures that facilitate social welfare can, under certain conditions, be instrumentalized for destructive purposes. He examines how bureaucratic rationality, coupled with ideologies of exclusion and difference, can create a climate conducive to mass violence. The chapter highlights the dangers of unchecked state power and the importance of robust civil society mechanisms to prevent the descent into barbarism.

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