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Resumo

This article, originally written in 1933, examines Spinoza's theory of the emotions through the lens of contemporary (to Vygotsky) psychoneurology. Vygotsky argues that Spinoza's approach, particularly his emphasis on the unity of mind and body, anticipates and aligns with modern understandings of the neurophysiological basis of emotions. He highlights Spinoza's concept of the "affect" as a modification of the body's power of acting, connecting it to contemporary research on the role of the nervous system in emotional experience. Vygotsky further explores Spinoza's classification of emotions and their interrelationships, emphasizing the dynamic and contextual nature of emotional processes. He concludes that Spinoza's work offers valuable insights for a scientific psychology of emotions, bridging the gap between philosophical and physiological perspectives.

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