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Resumo

Chapter 13, Ecological ‘Catastrophe’, considers the toxicities that are destroying the environment, the extent to which they are caused by human action and how they may be remedied. The chapter outlines the environmentalists’ critique of the exploitation of nature by industrial development, which is considered a threat to human life. The extent and geographical spread of environmental hazards are described, and Marxist and environmentalist approaches are contrasted. The former considers that industrialisation is positive, the threat lies with the capitalistic nature of globalisation, whereas environmentalists question the role of an urban-industrial civilisation and advocate convivial degrowth policies. Market and statist policies promoting sustainable development are contrasted in the light of the unequal geographical effects of convivial de-growth policies.

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