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The illicit trade in antiquities is not the world's third-largest illicit trade

A Critical Evaluation of a Factoid

Bibliographic Data

ID3405835
AuthorsDonna Yates (0000-0002-9936-6461, Maastricht University, corresponding author), Neil Brodie (0000-0003-1236-4066)
Year2023
Volume97
Issue394
Pages991-1003
Publication date2023-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAntiquity (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0003-598X • E-ISSN: 1745-1744
PublisherAntiquity Publications (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.15184/aqy.2023.90
OpenAlexW4382560410
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited4

The claim that the illicit trade in antiquities is the third largest, second only to arms and narcotics, is widely repeated. But where does this claim originate and what is the evidence for its veracity? The authors present a 'stratigraphic excavation' of the claim by systematically searching through academic articles, popular press and policy literature to reveal the factoid's use and reuse over the past five decades. The authors find that the claim is not based on any original research or statistics, and it does not originate with any competent authorities. The analysis demonstrates how the uncritical repetition of unsubstantiated 'facts' can undermine legitimate efforts to prevent looting, trafficking and illicit sale of antiquities

Criminology · Looting · Political science · Reuse · Sociology · Archaeological Research and Protection · Engineering · Forensic and Genetic Research · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies · History · Law

  • Looted communities

    Open Access•J A Baird, Adnan Almohamad•Antiquity•2026

  • Before the hammer falls

    Open Access•Francesco Angelini, Massimiliano Castellani et al.•European Journal of Law and…•2025

  • Illicit shadows

    Open Access•Elia Acciai, Michele Belloni et al.•Journal of Cultural Economics•2026

  • Fragmented data, global bias

    Open Access•Emiline Smith, Michelle Fabiani et al.•Digital Applications in…•2026

  • Reputation laundering and museum collections

    Open Access•Donna Yates, Shawn Graham•International Journal of Heritage…•2024

  • The Antiquities Market

    Karen D Vitelli•Journal of Field Archaeology•1980

  • Why There is Still an Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects and What We Can Do About It

    Open Access•Neil Brodie, Morag M Kersel et al.•Journal of Field Archaeology•2022

  • The Penal Protection of Works of Art

    James A R Nafziger•The American Journal of…•1987

Unique citing works5
Citations per year2,5
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 5

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Open DOIOpen Access
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