The rise of hybrid diplomacy

From Digital Adaptation to Digital Adoption

Bibliographic Data

ID3737261
AuthorsCorneliu Bjola (0000-0003-3609-4240), Ilan Manor (0000-0003-2039-3721)
Year2022
Volume98
Issue2
Pages471-491
Publication date2022-03-07
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Affairs (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0020-5850 • E-ISSN: 1468-2346
PublisherOxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1093/ia/iiac005
OpenAlexW4220843762
LanguageEN
Citations received29

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced diplomats to embrace virtual platforms and to learn to combine virtual and physical meetings in their work. In this article, we investigate how this process has taken place and with implications for the conduct of diplomacy. Specifically, we ask how diplomats have adapted to the transition to the virtual medium, what lessons have they learned from this, and how these lessons may inform the conduct of diplomacy in the post-pandemic period? We argue that diplomacy is about to enter a new phase, which we call hybrid diplomacy, in which physical and virtual engagements are expected to integrate, complement and empower each other. We begin by distinguishing between digital adaptation, a forced process brought about by external changes, and digital adoption, a strategic decision by diplomats to use specific technologies towards specific goals. Building on the results of a survey disseminated to 105 diplomats during the pandemic, we then examine how diplomats have adapted to the virtual medium and what challenges they see facing as they transition to the post-pandemic phase. While responders largely agree that virtual interactions are not a good substitute for physical diplomacy, we find strong support for the continued mix of virtual and physical meetings. They enable diplomats to maintain working procedures, collaborate with their peers from around the world, and continue negotiations that began offline. We conclude with a discussion of the technological and social factors that may inform the shape of hybrid diplomacy

Adaptation (eye) · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) · Diplomacy · Negotiation · Pandemic · Political science · Politics · Process (computing) · Public relations · Sociology · Work (physics) · Computer Science · Engineering · Law · Psychology · Public Relations and Crisis Communication

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