Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Gambling

A Story of Remarkable Stability in Fast-Changing High Streets

Bibliographic Data

ID3775461
AuthorsLuning Li (0000-0003-1626-1902, University of Bristol), Emmanouil Tranos (0000-0002-9620-6542, University of Bristol)
Year2025
Volume115
Issue7
Pages1577-1595
Publication date2025-08-09
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAnnals of the American Association of Geographers (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2469-4452 • E-ISSN: 2469-4460
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/24694452.2025.2496698
OpenAlexW4410287676
LanguageEN
References cited62

High streets, the main commercial streets in towns and cities, have undergone significant transformations due to the evolving urban retail landscape. Despite these changes, this study demonstrates that the presence of gambling venues in Great Britain remained remarkably stable between 2014 and 2023. Using points of interest data, we constructed a panel data set of gambling shops on high streets. Employing simple autoregressive models estimated with random forests, we predicted annual gambling frequencies during 2015 to 2023 using 2014 frequencies as the sole predictor. Our results show a predictive accuracy of 91.8 percent by 2019, which remained robust at 86.2 percent in 2023, even after the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlights the notable stability in the frequency of gambling shops on high streets. Additionally, we developed a two-tiered analytical framework that confirmed this stability across different types of local authorities and high streets. Given the geographically bounded negative externalities of gambling, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving spatial footprint of gambling shops. They also offer broader insights into how retail environment characteristics influence the resilience of leisure businesses in diverse urban contexts, contributing to ongoing discussions on high street revitalization

Aesthetics · Art · Economic geography · Geography · Sociology · Stability (learning theory · Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis · Computer Science · Gambling Behavior and Treatments · History · Time Series Analysis and Forecasting

  • An Introduction to Statistical Learning

    Open Access•Gareth James, Daniela Witten et al.•An Introduction to Statistical…•2013

  • Time-series clustering – A decade review

    Open Access•Saeed Aghabozorgi, Ali Seyed Shirkhorshidi et al.•Information Systems•2015

  • Machine Learning Methods That Economists Should Know About

    Susan Athey, Guido W Imbens•Annual Review of Economics•2019

  • Building Predictive Models in R Using the caret Package

    Open Access•Max Kühn•Journal of Statistical Software•2008

  • Random Forests

    Open Access•Leo Breiman•Machine Learning•2001

  • The Evolving Market Structures of Gambling

    Open Access•David C Marshall, Robert G V Baker•Journal of Gambling Studies•2002

  • Closures, clusters and deprivation

    Tim Hall, Peter Jones et al.•Geography•2021

  • A framework for delineating the scale, extent and characteristics of American retail centre agglomerations

    Open Access•Peri Ballantyne, Alex Singleton et al.•Environment and Planning B Urban…•2022

  • When Covid-19 came to town

    Open Access•Marcus Enoch, Fredrik Monsuur et al.•Environment and Planning B Urban…•2022

  • Integrating the Who, What, and Where of U.S. Retail Center Geographies

    Open Access•Peri Ballantyne, Patrick Ballantyne et al.•Annals of the American…•2023

  • The Battle for the High Street

    Open Access•P Hubbard•Battle for the High Street•2017

  • The density of electronic gambling machines and area-level socioeconomic status in Finland

    Open Access•Susanna Raisamo, Arho Toikka et al.•BMC Public Health•2019

  • Do ‘environmental bads’ such as alcohol, fast food, tobacco, and gambling outlets cluster and co-locate in more deprived areas in Glasgow City, Scotland

    Open Access•Laura Macdonald, Jonathan R Olsen et al.•Health & Place•2018

  • Using machine learning for direct demand modeling of ridesourcing services in Chicago

    Open Access•Xiang Yan, Xinyu Liu et al.•Journal of Transport Geography•2020

  • Main Street Versus Riverboat Gambling

    Thomas W Paradis•Journal of Cultural Geography•2001

  • Second-Hand Spaces

    Brenda Parker, R Weber•Urban Geography•2013

  • National high street retail and town centre policy at a cross roads in England and Wales

    Open Access•Alan Hallsworth, Alan G Hallsworth et al.•Cities•2018

  • Not quite the ‘death of the high street’ in UK city centres

    Open Access•Allison Orr, Allison M Orr et al.•Cities•2023

  • Spatial concentration of gambling opportunities

    Open Access•Oluwole Adeniyi, Abraham Brown et al.•Cities•2023

  • Exploring the geography of retail success and decline

    Open Access•Les Dolega, Alex Lord•Cities•2020

  • A national study of neighbourhood access to gambling opportunities and individual gambling behaviour

    Jamie Pearce, Kylie Mason et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2008

  • Spatial and social disparities in the decline of activities during the Covid-19 lockdown in Greater London

    Open Access•Terje Trasberg, James Cheshire•Urban Studies•2023

  • Analysing the effect of betting shops on crime in England

    Open Access•Oluwole Adeniyi, Ferhat Tura et al.•Regional Studies•2023

  • The Gambling Act 2005

    Open Access•Roy Light•Modern Law Review•2007

  • Measuring the spatial vulnerability of retail centres to online consumption through a framework of e-resilience

    Open Access•Alex Singleton, A D Singleton et al.•Geoforum•2015

  • Location Factors as Determinants of Consumer Attraction to Retail Firms 1

    FRANK K HORTON•Annals of the Association of…•1968

  • Building Hierarchies of Retail Centers Using Bayesian Multilevel Models

    Open Access•Sam Comber, Daniel Arribas-Bel et al.•Annals of the American…•2020

  • "A Two-Layer Location Choice Model Reveals What's New in the "New Retail

    Liyan Xu, Fu Li et al.•Annals of the American…•2023

  • City, Region and Regionalism

    Open Access•Malcolm J Proudfoot, Robert E Dickinson•Geographical Review•1948

  • Measuring Multiple Deprivation at the Small-Area Level

    Open Access•Michael Noble, Gemma Wright et al.•Environment and Planning A…•2006

  • Futures for the High Street

    John A Dawson•Geographical Journal•1988

  • Geography and Planning

    Arthur E Smailes, T W Freeman•Geographical Journal•1958

  • City, Region and Regionalism

    Robert E Dickinson•Geographical Journal•1947

  • Resilience, Fragility, and Adaptation

    Open Access•Neil Wrigley, Les Dolega•Environment and Planning A…•2011

  • Machine Learning

    Open Access•Sendhil Mullainathan, Jann Spie et al.•The Journal of Economic…•2017

Citation velocityhistorical
Highly citedNo

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae