Economy of the Golden Horde Population

The settled regions of the Golden Horde had a well-developed agriculture. The main crop was millet, followed by rye, wheat, barley, oat, and peas. Hunting was mainly for furs and had little importance as a source of meat in comparison with livestock, which was popular not only among nomads but was also exported to India, Persia, and European countries. Fishing was also well developed and the products were exported abroad. Sturgeon and white sturgeon were an especially important food item. Among trades, salt extraction, honey, and the gathering of grasses and roots should be mentioned. Ulus Jöchi had crafts that were well developed for the period in question. The Golden Horde Volga region had very wide trade relations: Rus, Western and Central Europe, the Black Sea region, the Mediterranean, the Near and Middle East, Central Asia, India, China, and Korea

Agriculture · Ancient history · Archaeology · Biology · China · Crop · Economy · Fishery · Fishing · Geography · Livestock · Mediterranean climate · Middle East · Population · Demography · Eurasian Exchange Networks · History · Soviet and Russian History · Forestry

• New Data on the Technology of Manufacturing Blacksmith Products of the Golden Horde Rural Settlements Based on Metallographic Analyses Results of Items from Bagaevka and Shiroky Buerak Settlements

  Open Access•Yuriy Semykin, L F Nedashkovsky•Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy…•2023

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• The importance of birds in the Golden Horde rural settlements of the Lower Volga region (by the example of the Bagaevka settlement)

  Open Access•Dilyara N Shaymuratova, I V Askeyev et al.•Golden Horde Review•2022

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• Archaeobotanical Materials from the Golden Horde Settlements of the Saratov Volga Region

  Open Access•L F Nedashkovsky, М Д Кочанова et al.•Vestnik Volgogradskogo…•2023

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• Bone Wares From Bagaevka Settlement

  Open Access•L F Nedashkovsky, Марат Баязитович Шигапов•Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy…•2026

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• The population of Tsarevskoe Gorodishche and its environs according to the paleopathology and paleodemography data

  Open Access•Evgeniy Pererva•Vestnik arheologii, antropologii…•2022

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