Ay > a in Targum Onqelos

I thank Laura Kalman and Stephen Kaufman for their guidance during the course of this project. I also thank Robert Hetzron, Douglas Johnson, Shelomo Morag, and Richard Steiner. The following symbols and abbreviations will be used: mater lectionis (substituting for y when the vowel is [mid-] high and nonlabial; for w when the vowel is [mid-] high and labial; and for '/h when the vowel is nonhigh). In Onqelos, use of matres lectionis in final position is regular. contracted vowel (except in attested forms, where A signifies a mater lectionis) alternating with $ syllable boundary # word boundary BBH Babylonian Biblical Hebrew BTA Babylonian Talmud Aramaic TBA Tiberian Biblical Aramaic TBH Tiberian Biblical Hebrew For the purposes of this paper, when plene and defective spellings cooccur, the plene has been selected to represent both classes. Forms are cited as attested in the texts. When the attested form appears with a clitic, the clitic will be marked off by parentheses, as in (a)sge. for example, Syriac bnaykY and bnayn, respectively.4 It occurs in dual nouns, as mtaan '200'; cf. Syriac mate'n and TBA m.?tayin (Ezra 6:17).5 a appears in the abs. ms. pl. participle of final weak roots, as bfan '(you) want' (Exod 10:1 1); cf. Syriac bd'n and TBA b.cayin '(they) sought' (Dan 6:5). *ay is also replaced by a in

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