Aids into the 21st century

The story of AIDS in the 21st century is likely to be dominated by heterosexuals in Africa and injecting drug users around the world. HIV infection has persisted and grown because people do not like to recognise, much less talk about, the behaviours that spread the virus. Drug injection remains the leading cause of HIV infection in in the countries of the former Soviet Union, the northeastern states of India, the USA, Western Europe, China and parts of the Middle East. In Africa, where the overwhelming majority of infections occur during unprotected sex, a high proportion of girls are infected with HIV during their teens and before marriage. Industrialised countries responded with massive prevention campaigns, open discussion of the potential dangers of unprotected sex, and aggressive condom promotion. In the few developing countries that have taken similar action to contain the epidemic--Thailand, Uganda and Senegal--the initial leadership came from senior politicians. As HIV prevalence rises in a population, the chance of someone encountering an infected partner close to the beginning of their sexual life also rises. It is therefore crucial to reach people with appropriate preventative interventions before they first have sex. However, it is not realistic to expect political commitment to as sensitive a problem as AIDS from any government that has less than a wholehearted commitment to the basic health and welfare of its people. The first challenge in the fight against AIDS, as in the fight for development in general, is to support good government

Condom · Developing country · Development economics · Economic growth · Environmental health · Political science · Politics · Population · Psychiatry · Psychological intervention · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health · HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions · Law · Medicine · Virology

• Social and Cultural Significance of the Sexual Cleansing Ritual and its Impact on HIV Prevention Strategies in Western Kenya

  Open Access•Rose Ayikukwei, Rose Mmboga Ayikukwei et al.•Sexuality & Culture•2007

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• Complete issue

  Journal Editors•Southern Anthropologist•2009

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• Expanding Access to HIV Testing in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil

  Julia Elinor Roberts, Kimberly Marie Jones et al.•Southern Anthropologist•2009

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• The Contribution of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services to the Fight against HIV/Aids

  Ian Askew, Marge Berer•Reproductive Health Matters•2003

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• Addressing semen loss concerns

  Aruna Lakhani, Ketan Gandhi et al.•Reproductive Health Matters•2001

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• Couple-centred testing and counselling for HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples in sub-Saharan Africa

  Annabel Desgrées Du Loû, Annabel Desgrées-Du-Loû et al.•Reproductive Health Matters•2008

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• Gay men report high rates of unprotected anal sex with partners of unknown or discordant HIV status

  Maria L Ekstrand, Ron Stall et al.•AIDS•1999

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