Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Flexible families? 'Astronaut' households and the experiences of lone mothers in Vancouver, British Columbia

Bibliographic Data

ID3977517
AuthorsJohanna L Waters, Johanna Waters (0000-0002-4545-2495, corresponding author)
Year2002
Volume3
Issue2
Pages117-134
Publication date2002-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial & Cultural Geography (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1464-9365 • E-ISSN: 1470-1197
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/14649360220133907
OpenAlexW2010734717
LanguageEN
Citations received162
References cited35

This paper examines the recent emergence of the 'astronaut family' as a migration strategy, practised by Hong Kong and Taiwanese business and professional families and manifest in immigrant gateway cities such as Vancouver, Sydney and Auckland. Exemplifying transnationalism as 'social morphology' (Vertovec 1999), the household is literally split across the Pacific Ocean, as the male head pursues his career in Asia, while his wife and children are relocated overseas. Based upon in-depth interviews with 'astronaut wives' in Vancouver, Canada, I examine these circumstances, challenging a prevalent representation of powerful and cohesive Chinese migrant families. In so doing, I hope to contribute to a much broader literature on transnationalism and transnational social forms. In addition, in light of research on household migration and patriarchal relations, I consider women's distinctive experience of this arrangement. This paper demonstrates the context dependency of female oppression, and highlights the enduring relationship between spatial distance and social relations within a profoundly transnational setting

Context (archaeology · Geography · Global city · Immigration · Oppression · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Transnationalism · Wife · Diaspora, migration, transnational identity · Gender Studies · Law · Migration and Labor Dynamics · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy

  • The Domestication of South Korean Pre-College Study Abroad in the First Decade of the Millennium

    Jiyeon Kang, Nancy Abelmann•The journal of Korean studies•2011

  • Student Mobilities, Migration and the Internationalization of Higher Education

    Open Access•R Brooks, Johanna Waters•Student Mobilities, Migration and…•2011

  • China's Permanent and Temporary Migrants

    Mingjie Sun, C Cindy Fan•The Professional Geographer•2011

  • Leisure and subjective well-being of parents of Korean transnational-split families

    Open Access•K J Lee, Sunhwan Hwang et al.•Current Psychology•2022

  • Geographies of education

    Johanna Waters, M W H Leung et al.•Geography•2021

  • Parent–child role reversal in ICT domestication

    Yang Wang•Journal of Children and Media•2020

  • Erziehung und Migration

    Open Access•Christine Hunner-Kreisel•Erziehung•2013

  • Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage

    Katherine P H Young, Anita Y L Fok•Marriage, Divorce, And Remarriage•2010

  • Dinge und Raum in der qualitativen Bildungs- und Biographieforschung

    Open Access•Anja Tervooren, Robert Kreitz•Dinge und Raum in der qualitativen…•2017

  • Remittances as a Currency of Care

    Supriya Singh, Anuja Cabraal et al.•Journal of Comparative Family…•2010

  • The mental health of Korean transnational mothers

    Open Access•Jaemin Kim, Branka Agic et al.•International Journal of Social…•2014

  • Understanding Post-study Migration Plans of International Students through the Lens of Family Business Strategies

    Open Access•Worapinya Kingminghae, Yi Lin•Journal of Population and Social…•2019

  • The Absent Spouses

    Open Access•G Liu-Farrer•Sexualities•2010

  • Adaptation Problems among Adolescent Immigrants from Korea, Mexico and Poland

    Monika Stodolska•Journal of Immigrant & Refugee…•2008

  • La famille transnationale dans tous ses états

    Élodie Razy, Virginie Baby-Collin et al.•Autrepart•2011

  • Why I Sent My Child Away’

    Open Access•Deepa Srivastava, Maria Rosario T De Guzman•Psychology and Developing Societies•2017

  • Transnational Migration and Social Integration of Chinese Educational Migrants in Chiang Mai under the New Media Era

    Open Access•Chuanchen Bi, Wei Yang et al.•Journal of Posthumanism•2025

  • Familization of rural–urban migration in China

    C Cindy Fan, Tianjiao Li•Area Development and Policy•2018

  • Skilled Migration, Knowledge Transfer and Development

    Open Access•Sheila Siar•Journal of Current Southeast…•2011

  • Rethinking Migrant Families from a Transnational Perspective

    Open Access•Ken Chih‐yan Sun•Sociology Compass•2013

  • Inequalities in Transnational Families

    Open Access•J Dreby, Timothy Adkins•Sociology Compass•2010

  • Return immigration

    Open Access•Karen King, K Bruce Newbold•Population Space and Place•2007

  • A conceptual framework studying transnational immigrant family experiences

    Open Access•Liangni Sally Liu, Guanyu Jason Ran•Population Space and Place•2021

  • British and Indian scientists in Boston considering returning to their home countries

    Open Access•William S Harvey•Population Space and Place•2009

  • How families affect aspirational migration amidst political insecurity

    Open Access•L Lui, Ken Chih-Yan Sun et al.•Population Space and Place•2021

  • Becoming a father, missing a wife

    Open Access•Johanna Waters•Population Space and Place•2009

  • Transnational living and moving experiences

    Open Access•Irene Hardill•Population Space and Place•2004

  • Making a Cantonese‐Christian family

    Open Access•Justin Kh Tse•Population Space and Place•2010

  • Intimate relationships and mobility intentions of Thai international students in Chinese universities

    Open Access•Yi Lin, Worapinya Kingminghae•Population Space and Place•2017

  • Mobility as Capital

    Open Access•Ning An, Jin L Li•Population Space and Place•2024

  • The care pentagon

    Open Access•Mapuana De Silva•Population Space and Place•2017

  • Educational imperatives and the compulsion for credentials

    Johanna Waters•Children s Geographies•2014

  • Nomadic life archiving across platforms

    Open Access•Yang Wang, Sun Sun Lim•New Media & Society•2021

  • Revisiting the Household for Housing Research

    Megan Nethercote•Housing Theory and Society•2018

  • Transnationalism through the life course

    Open Access•Audrey Kobayashi, Preston•Asia Pacific Viewpoint•2007

  • Transnational familial strategies, social reproduction, and migration

    Guida Man, Elena Chou•Journal of Family Studies•2017

  • Middle-class Taiwanese Immigrant Women Adapt to Life in Australasia

    Lan-Hung Nora Chiang, Lan‐hung Nora Chiang•Asian Journal of Women s Studies•2004

  • Forced’ family separation and inter‐generational dynamics

    Open Access•Guanyu Jason Ran, Liangni Sally Liu•Kōtuitui New Zealand Journal of…•2020

  • Digital Asymmetries in Transnational Communication

    Open Access•Yang Wang, Sun Sun Lim•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2020

  • Children's Bodies Are Not Capital

    Johanna L Waters, Johanna Waters et al.•positions asia critique•2022

  • Middling” Chinese Returnees or Immigrants from Canada? The Ambiguity of Return Migration and Claims to Modernity

    Elaine Lynn-Ee Ho, David Ley•Asian Studies Review•2013

  • Return migration and Hong Kong's diverse circuits of mobility

    Adrian J Bailey, Agnes K Y Law•Asian Geographer•2013

  • Valuation of domestic work

    Open Access•Z Mu, Eunsil Oh•Gender Work and Organization•2023

  • Telling it Like it is? Constructing accounts of settlement with immigrant and refugee women in Canada

    Isabel Dyck, Arlene Tigar Mclaren•Gender Place & Culture•2004

  • The stranger that is welcomed

    Hijin Park•Gender Place & Culture•2010

  • Femininities on transnational journeys and sexual health risk

    Evelyne Micollier•Gender Place & Culture•2017

  • Space, Gender and Institutions in Processes Creating Difference

    Ruth Fincher•Gender Place & Culture•2007

  • Discourses of legitimation and loss of sons who stay behind

    Open Access•Ruth Trinidad Galván, Maria Teresa Guevara Beltrán•Discourse & Society•2016

  • The gendering of Asian Indian transnationalism on the Internet

    Paul C Adams, Emily Skop•Journal of Cultural Geography•2008

  • I Felt Like My Heart Was Staying Behind

    Open Access•Carola Suárez-Orozco, Hee Jin Bang et al.•Journal of Adolescent Research•2010

  • A grammar for non-teleological geographies

    Open Access•Clare Holdsworth, Suzanne M Hall•Progress in Human Geography•2022

  • Population geography

    Open Access•Adrian J Bailey•Progress in Human Geography•2008

  • Everyday austerity

    Open Access•Suzanne M Hall•Progress in Human Geography•2018

  • China in the global field of international student mobility

    P Yang•Compare A Journal of Comparative…•2020

  • Narratives of mothers in diaspora

    Open Access•Xiangyan Liu•Women s Studies International Forum•2019

  • Gender, social network geographies, and low-wage employment among recent Mexican immigrants in Los Angeles

    Pascale Joassart-Marcelli, Pascale Joassart‐marcelli•Urban Geography•2014

  • Householding and split households

    Open Access•C Cindy Fan•Cities•2021

  • Onward Emigration to the United States by Canadian Immigrants between 1995 and 2000

    Open Access•Karen King, Karen M King et al.•International Migration Review•2007

  • Migration and household arrangements of rural families in China

    Open Access•Zening Xu, Jie Shen et al.•Habitat International•2022

  • Satellite babies in transnational families

    Open Access•Yvonne Bohr, Connie Tse•Infant Mental Health Journal•2009

  • Gendered media, changing intimacy

    Open Access•Tingyu Kang•Media Culture & Society•2012

  • Leisure Behaviors among Mothers and Fathers in Korean Transnational Split Families

    Monika Stodolska, K J Lee et al.•Leisure Sciences•2023

  • Transnationalism, Leisure, and Chinese Graduate Students in the United States

    Monica Z Li, Monika Stodolska•Leisure Sciences•2006

  • Asian North Americans' Leisure

    K J Lee, Monika Stodolska•Leisure Sciences•2017

  • Veiled entrapment

    Open Access•David Ip, CHI WAI LUI et al.•Ageing and Society•2007

  • International students with dependent children

    R Brooks•British Journal of Sociology of…•2015

  • Chinese guardian mothers in Thailand

    Open Access•Jinsheng Zhu, Zitao Liu et al.•Asian and Pacific migration journal•2024

  • Astronaut’ Wives

    Open Access•Man Wai Chang, Yvonne Darlington•Asian and Pacific migration journal•2008

  • The Transnational Negotiation of Selfhood, Motherhood and Wifehood

    Open Access•Hiroki Igarashi, Saori Yasumoto•Asian and Pacific migration journal•2014

  • Dreaming inside a Walled City

    Open Access•Sin Yih Teo•Asian and Pacific migration journal•2003

  • Substituting for Families? Schools and Social Reproduction in Aids‐affected Lesotho

    Open Access•N Ansell•Antipode•2008

  • East by Southeast

    Open Access•Wesley Attewell•Antipode•2025

  • The Immigrant Church as an Urban Service Hub

    Open Access•David Ley•Urban Studies•2008

  • A New Insight into Urban Poverty

    Open Access•Haeran Shin•Urban Studies•2008

  • Immigration, Transnationalism and ‘Flexible Citizenship’ in Canada

    Open Access•Johanna L Waters, Johanna Waters•Tijdschrift voor Economische en…•2009

  • Leisure, acculturation, and life satisfaction of Korean transnational-split families

    Sunhwan Hwang, K J Lee et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2023

  • A production of education migrants

    Open Access•Eunjung Lee, Marjorie Johnstone•International Social Work•2014

  • Introduction

    Open Access•Mette Thunø, Minghuan Li•International Migration•2020

  • Asian Transnational Families in Transition

    Open Access•Huang, Shirlena Huang et al.•International Migration•2008

  • Transnationalizing Families

    Open Access•Judith K Bernhard, Patricia Landolt et al.•International Migration•2008

  • Immigrant Networks in New Urban Spaces

    Open Access•Christine B Avenarius•International Migration•2009

  • Taiwanese Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Canada and Transnational Social Space

    Open Access•Lloyd L Wong, Lloyd Wong•International Migration•2004

  • The Chinese Educational Idioms That the Chinese Shall Live By

    Open Access•Wei Liu, Xiaojun Zhang•China Report•2024

  • Geographies of cultural capital

    Open Access•Johanna L Waters, Johanna Waters•Transactions of the Institute of…•2006

  • Journeys to the street

    Open Access•Lorraine Young•Geoforum•2003

  • Living it up

    Open Access•Choon-Piew Pow, Choon‐piew Pow•Geoforum•2011

  • The community morphology of skilled migration

    Open Access•Sam Scott•Geoforum•2007

  • Beyond flexible citizenship

    Open Access•Wei Lin•Geoforum•2011

  • Navigating the terrains of transnational education

    Open Access•Huang, Shirlena Huang et al.•Geoforum•2011

  • Flexible citizens? Transnationalism and citizenship amongst economic immigrants in Vancouver

    Open Access•Johanna Waters•Canadian Geographies /…•2003

  • Housing Vancouver, 1972–2017

    Open Access•David Ley, A Mountz et al.•Canadian Geographies /…•2020

  • Seeking Homo Economicus

    David Ley•Annals of the Association of…•2003

  • Poverty, migration and sex work

    Open Access•Lorraine Van Blerk•Area•2008

  • Telling family stories

    Open Access•Sarah Starkweather•Area•2012

  • Emotions and transcripts after a while

    Open Access•Johanna Waters•Area•2023

  • Telling family stories

    Open Access•Sarah Starkweather•Area•2012

  • Explaining Variations in Business Performance Among Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Canada

    David Ley•New Community•2006

  • Navigating Stepwise Lifestyle Mobilities via the Global South

    Open Access•Hiroki Igarashi•Global Networks•2024

  • From aspiration to crisis management

    Shiori Shakuto•New Community•2026

  • Transcendent parenting across borders

    Yang Wang•New Community•2026

  • Reluctant Exiles?

    Ronald Skeldon, Xiaohu Wang•Reluctant Exiles?•2016

  • Assimilation in American life

    Milton M Gordon•Assimilation in American life•1964

  • Modernity at large

    Arjun Appadurai•Modernity at large•1996

  • Transnational Connections

    Ulf Hannerz•Transnational Connections•2002

  • Mapping the Futures

    John Bird, Barry Curtis et al.•Mapping the futures•2012

  • Migration and Gender in the Developed World

    Paul Boyle, Keith Halfacree•Migration and Gender in the…•2002

  • The Last Half Century of Chinese Overseas

    Elizabeth Sinn•Last Half Century of Chinese…•1998

  • The Cambridge Survey of World Migration

    Open Access•Hugh Tinker, Mitsuru Shimpo et al.•Cambridge Survey of World Migration•1995

  • Nations Unbound

    Linda G Basch, Cristina Szanton Blanc et al.•Nations unbound•1993

  • Workplace

    Open Access•Joseph Smucker, J Peck•The Canadian Journal of Sociology•1998

  • Hierarchical households and gendered migration in Latin America

    Open Access•Violet Lawson, Victoria A Lawson•Progress in Human Geography•1998

  • Household migration and the structuration of patriarchy

    Open Access•Keith Halfacree, Keith H Halfacree•Progress in Human Geography•1995

  • Doing home”

    Open Access•Sophia Bowlby, Sophie Bowlby et al.•Women s Studies International Forum•1997

  • Globalization and Urban Change

    Kris Olds•Urban Geography•1998

  • The Experience of Women in Chinese Immigrant Families

    Open Access•Guida Man•Asian and Pacific migration journal•1995

  • The Circular Migration of Puerto Rican Women

    Open Access•Mark Ellis, Dennis Conway et al.•International Migration•1996

  • Cosmopolitan Capitalists

    Steven H Lee, Gary G Hamilton•International Journal Canada s…•2000

  • Gender, migration and urban development in Costa Rica

    Open Access•Sylvia Chant•Geoforum•1991

  • Myths and Meanings of Immigration and the Metropolis

    Open Access•David Ley•Canadian Geographies /…•1999

  • Seeking Homo Economicus

    David Ley•Annals of the Association of…•2003

  • Placing the Migrant

    Rachel Silvey, Violet Lawson et al.•Annals of the Association of…•1999

  • Family and Personal Networks in International Migration

    Monica Boyd•International Migration Review•1989

  • The Chinese Family Firm

    Siu-Lun Wong•British Journal of Sociology•1985

  • Flexible Circulation in the Pacific Rim

    Katharyne Mitchell•Economic Geography•1995

  • In Search of an East Asian Development Model

    David Drakakis-Smith, David Drakakis‐smith et al.•Geographical Journal•1989

  • Gender and Migration

    Open Access•Norman Bonney, John R Love et al.•The Sociological Review•1991

  • De-Orientalizing the Chinese family firm

    Open Access•Greenhalgh, Susan Greenhalgh•American Ethnologist•1994

  • Reluctant Exiles

    Wing Chung Ng, Ronald Skeldon•Pacific Affairs•1995

  • Flexible Citizenship

    Aihwa Ong•Flexible Citizenship•2012

  • I'm Here, but I'm There

    Open Access•P Hondagneu-Sotelo, Ernestine Avila•Gender & Society•1997

  • Power, Patriarchy, and Gender Conflict in the Vietnamese Immigrant Community

    Open Access•Nazli Kibria•Gender & Society•1990

  • Conceiving and researching transnationalism

    Vertovec, Steven Vertovec•Ethnic and Racial Studies•1999

Unique citing works162
Citations per year7,04
Citation span2003 - 2026 (24)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 162

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae