The Relation of Income to Adequate Educational Opportunities

The question which this discussion must first settle is: When are educational opportunities adequate? I suppose there could be no quarrel with the suggestion that adequate educational opportunities ideally, at any rate, should provide the educand with information, attitudes, abilities and skills to function with maximum efficiency in his community. Translated into definite objectives or principles this would mean the same thing as the Cardinal Principles of Education, proposed by the National Education Association more than two decades ago. While there may be some difference of opinion about the place some of the principles should hold in an effective scheme of education yet it can not be denied that, such objectives as: citizenship; health efficiency; worthy home membership; vocational efficiency; and worthy use of leisure are among the desirable goals for which to strive in a democratic society. In a very real sense, it is fair to say, however, that the information, skills and attitudes for effective living in a community are contingent upon the type of society in which one lives. The rural community may not make the same demands upon the individual as the urban community; the demands and expectations in a southern agricul

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