The Context of Minority Group Threat
Race, Institutions, and Complying with Hate Crime Law
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4084014 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ryan D King (Albany State University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2007 |
| Volume | 41 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 189-224 |
| Publication date | 2007-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Law & Society Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0023-9216 • E-ISSN: 1540-5893 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1540-5893.2007.00295.x |
| OpenAlex | W2145444694 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 51 |
| References cited | 92 |
A wealth of research suggests a direct association between minority group size and government social control, such as arrest or imprisonment rates. Prior work in this vein, however, gives scant attention to (1) types of law that explicitly address intergroup conflict and (2) regional variation in the salience of minority group threat. At the same time, research on organizational responses to law indicates that institutional linkages to legal environments dictate policy innovation and compliance, yet the relevance of such linkages for law enforcement agencies is less clear. The present research investigates these themes by focusing on law enforcement responses to hate crime in the United States. Data from a sample of large municipal and county policing agencies and their degree of compliance with the federal Hate Crimes Statistics Act are analyzed. Main effects models show that compliance with federal hate crime law is less likely in places with larger black populations, an intriguing finding in light of extant work suggesting that both formal social control and race-based hate crime offending are typically more prevalent where more blacks reside. This effect of black population size on compliance with hate crime law, however, is contingent on region. A positive correlation in the Northeast contrasts with an inverse association in the South. The findings also suggest that organizational facets of law enforcement agencies, notably their engagement in community policing, are associated with compliance. The results elaborate and qualify group threat explanations of government social control and contribute to a burgeoning literature on the utility of organizational theory in the realm of law enforcement
Criminology · Government (linguistics · Imprisonment · Law enforcement · Political science · Population · Sociology · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Law · Policing Practices and Perceptions · Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing
Red States and Black Lives
Social disorganization or defended Neighborhoods? New evidence from area-identified National Crime Victimization Survey Data
Group threat and power-differential theories as differential predictors of religion-motivated hate crimes and the construction of local hate crime statistics
Terrorism, Political Extremism, and Crime and Criminal Justice
Measuring Changes in Bias-Motivated Attacks
God and Group
Group Threat, Same-Sex Marriage, and Hate Crime Based on Sexual Orientation
The Influence of Covid-19 Restrictions and Rhetoric in the U.S
Structuring Justice
Hate Crime Police Intervention and Neighborhood Context
The Convergence of Hate
Communities Collide
An Assessment of Geographically Mediated Racial Threat and Racially Motivated Hate Crime
The Social Production of Hate Crime Statistics
Race, Politics, and Public Safety
The Urban Ecology of Bias Crime
Historical Events and Spaces of Hate
Racial Threat and Punitive School Discipline
Transforming Symbolic Law into Organizational Action
Addressing Hate Crime in the 21st Century
Group Threat and Social Control
Hiding the Hate—Contextual Effects on Hate Crime Reports
Seeing beyond Black and White to understand anti-Latinx crimes of bias
Why some states bring more laws to the gunfight
Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing Declined
Police bias units and hate crime reporting
The Politicization of Fear
Enduring Consequences of Dehumanizing Institutions
International Legal Note
High Times for Hate Crimes
Understanding community hate crimes as an incorrigible proposition
Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power on violent hate crimes
Penal Practices and the Social Reproduction of Inequalities
Reporting Racist Hate Crime Victimization to the Police in the United States and the United Kingdom
A Common Target
Retracted Article
State‐Level Determinants of Hate Crime Reporting
Contemporary Hate Crimes, Law Enforcement, and the Legacy of Racial Violence
The Global Dimensions of Rape-Law Reform
A higher bar
The hate industry
Proximity and Police Departments
Differentiating Hate
Expanding the Castle
Historical Markers or Markers of White Supremacy? Confederate Memorialization, Racial Threat, and Hate Crime
Uneven Access to Justice
Conservatism, Institutionalism, and the Social Control of Intergroup Conflict
Immigration control and the white working class
The typification of Hispanics as criminals and support for punitive crime control policies
Distribution, Composition and Exclusion
Wayward Puritans
The dynamics of ethnic competition and conflict.
Race, crime, and the law
Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression
Community Policing Chicago Style
An Institutional Perspective of Policing
Why is There So Little Criminal Justice Theory? Neglected Macro- and Micro-Level Links between Organization and Power
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
Issue Evolution
Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies
Community Policing
Social Threat and Social Control
Crime, Shame and Reintegration
The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment
Hate Crimes
The New `Peculiar Institution
Hate Crime
Civic engagement in American democracy
Minority Group Threat, Crime, and Policing
The Social Organization of Arrest
A Note on the Uses of Official Statistics
Studying Hate Crime with the Internet
The Establishment of a Police Gang Unit
Minority Threat and Police Strength From 1980 to 2000
State Prison Populations and Their Growth, 1971–1991
A Cross‐burning Is Not Just an Arson”
Distinctive Characteristics of Assaults Motivated by Bias
Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position
Explaining Spatial Variation in Support for Capital Punishment
Race and the War on Crime
Statistics for social data analysis
Federal District Judges and Race Relations Cases in the South
Back to the Black Belt
David Duke and Black Threat
Beyond Racial Threat
The Politics of Social Regulatory Policy
The Power Approach to Intergroup Hostility
Perceptions of Racial Group Competition
Production of Crime Rates
The Precedent That Wasn't
Extremism and the Constitution
How White Attitudes Vary with the Racial Composition of Local Populations
The Political Sociology of the Death Penalty
The Homogenization and Differentiation of Hate Crime Law in the United States, 1978 to 1995
Hate Crime Reporting as a Successful Social Movement Outcome
Protest under Fire? Explaining the Policing of Protest
Vigilantism, Current Racial Threat, and Death Sentences
Motivated by Hatred or Prejudice
Testing an Expected Utility Model of Corporate Deterrence
Mobilizing Law in Urban Areas
How Affirmative Action Became Diversity Management
Social and Economic Factors and Negro Voter Registration in the South
Allocation of Time and Hateful Behavior
Collective Outbursts, Politics, and Punitive Resources
Black Threat and Incarceration in Postbellum Georgia
Testing the Economic Production and Conflict Models of Crime Control
The Enactment of State-Level Hate Crime Law in the United States
The Law-In-Between
Racial Threat and Social Control
Sampling Weights and Regression Analysis
Black Visibility, City Size, and Social Control
Ballot Manipulation and the 'Menace of Negro Domination
Imprisonment and Social Classification in Five Common-Law Democracies, 1955-1985
Group Threat and Regional Change in Attitudes Toward African-Americans
Knowledge, Domination, and Criminal Punishment
Equal Opportunity Law and the Construction of Internal Labor Markets
Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures
Legal Environments and Organizational Governance
Labor Unrest, Immigration, and Ethnic Conflict in Urban America, 1880-1914
Perspectives on the Legal Order
Institutionalized Organizations
Civil Rights Law at Work
The Endogeneity of Legal Regulation
Defended Neighborhoods, Integration, and Racially Motivated Crime
| Unique citing works | 51 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,83 |
| Citation span | 2008 - 2026 (19) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 51 |