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Resumo

The article presents a studies review of the neurophysiological characteristics of depressive disorders. At the bottom for these disorders lies a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The incidence in all age groups ranging from 3 to 17%. The high incidence of depressive disorders, complex course, tendency to chronicity, and resistance to medical treatment necessitate a detailed study of these states. The paper reflects the importance of electroencephalography (EEG). Pathological EEG signs are detected in 70-80 % of depressed patients. Thanks to modern methods of mathematical analysis and processing of electroencephalographic data diagnostic and research significance of this method increases. Mathematical analysis of the EEG gives more detailed information about the functional state of the brain, expands the understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between different areas of the brain, which increases the possibilities of diagnostics and allows putting forward new tasks in the study of the brain activity. Clinical features of depressive disorders are reflected in the synchronous generation of electrical signals depending on the etiological belonging of depressive symptom and domination in the structure of depressive disorder of one or another affect. The use of modern methods of imaging studies (single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) also allows to identify the functional relationship of the complex interaction of different brain regions characteristic of depressive states.

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