Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Smart cities

Who cares

Bibliographic Data

ID4139712
AuthorsR Burns (0000-0001-5025-4947, University of Calgary, corresponding author), Max J Andrucki (0000-0003-0946-5739, Temple University), Max Andrucki (Temple University)
Year2021
Volume53
Issue1
Pages12-30
Publication date2021-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEnvironment and Planning A Economy and Space (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0308-518X • E-ISSN: 1472-3409
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0308518x20941516
OpenAlexW3043214545
LanguageEN
Citations received18
References cited73

The growing critical research agenda on smart cities and open data programs has largely overlooked the body-subjects that enable its (re)production. The "ideal" subject of the smart city is prefigured as tech-savvy, independent, and uber-modern, able to produce digital data and analyze it to hold city government "accountable." In this subject production, however, we argue that smart cities continue to rely on forms of reproductive labor that are invisibilized in current research and public discourse: We focus here on unpaid domestic labor, low-paid caring and reproductive labor, and volunteer work. We introduce the term "digital care worker" to capture a new category of reproductive worker in the smart city-voluntary and low-paid data producers and analyzers such as those who undertake "hackathons," usually expected to do so out of love for their cities and communities. Drawing on geographies of care and Eve Sedgwick's notion of the "closet." we argue that the invisibility of digital caring laborers exists in dialectic relation to the spectacularization of particular body-subjects charged with caring for the smart city. Drawing on a discourse analysis of promotional materials and mission statements of key open data advocacy organizations, we propose the idea of "marginalized coder incubators," who deploy assimilationist rhetoric to spectacularize the voluntary labor of women, people of color, and LGBTQ communities that is ultimately performed for the benefit of elites in the neoliberalizing city

Internet of Things · Internet privacy · Invisibility · Political science · Public relations · Rhetoric · Smart city · Sociology · Gender Studies · Innovative Human-Technology Interaction · Smart Cities and Technologies · Technology Use by Older Adults

  • Gendering the smart city

    Open Access•Ji-in Chang, Jeongsun Choi et al.•Cities•2022

  • Stories of control

    Open Access•Mathias Rusche•Cities•2026

  • From Home to Heaven

    Open Access•Dominik Karner, Florentine Maier et al.•Voluntas Revista Internacional de…•2023

  • Cameras are no “easy solution” – practical privacy decision-making in smart cities

    Ine Van Zeeland, Jonas Breuer•Transforming Government: People,…•2026

  • Smart city photo booths

    Open Access•Jin‐kyu Jung, Ted Hiebert•Environment and Planning F•2026

  • Moving through, interacting with, and caring for the city. Children's and young people's everyday experiences in smart cities

    Open Access•Dana Ghafoor-Zadeh•Digital Geography and Society•2023

  • Platforms mediating domestic care work as service gigs in European cities

    Open Access•A Strüver•Digital Geography and Society•2024

  • From the smart city to urban justice in a digital age

    Open Access•Marit Rosol, Gwendolyn Blue•City•2022

  • Factors in the adoption of open government initiatives in Spanish local governments

    Open Access•Laura Alcaide Muñoz, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar et al.•Government Information Quarterly•2022

  • Building quantitative literacy in critical human geography curriculum

    John Lauermann•Journal of Geography in Higher…•2021

  • Localizing India’s global smart cities

    Melissa Butcher, Srilata Sircar•Urban Geography•2023

  • Smart magic? Global discourse and local planning in three Nordic cities

    Open Access•Linda Randall, Tuulia Rinne et al.•Cities•2025

  • Smart port city

    Open Access•Anastasia Tsvetkova, Irina Wahlström et al.•Cities•2025

  • Forum Play as a tool for exploring more-than-human relations in the smart city

    Open Access•Sara Zaman, Eugenia Castellazzi et al.•Elementa Science of the…•2026

  • Interstitiality in the smart city

    Open Access•R Burns, Preston Welker•Urban Studies•2023

  • Smart cities

    Open Access•R Burns, Victoria Fast et al.•Urban Studies•2021

  • Digitalizing sewage

    Open Access•Josie Wittmer, Carolyn Prouse et al.•Environment and Planning C…•2025

  • Make our communities better through data

    Open Access•R Burns, Preston Welker•Big Data & Society•2022

  • Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method

    Louise Jane Phillips, Marianne Jørgensen et al.•Discourse Analysis as Theory and…•2002

  • Algorithms of Oppression

    Safiya Umoja Noble, Safiya Noble•Algorithms of Oppression•2020

  • The Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community

    Open Access•Mariarosa Dalla Costa, Selma James•Class•2017

  • The Subject and Power

    Michel Foucault•Critical Inquiry•1982

  • Theorizing Digital and Urban Inequalities

    Melissa R Gilbert, Melissa Gilbert•Information Communication & Society•2010

  • Families Apart

    Geraldine Pratt•Families apart•2012

  • Markets of Sorrow, Labors of Faith

    Vincanne Adams•Markets of Sorrow, Labors of Faith•2013

  • Inconsequence

    Annamarie Jagose, Annamarie Rustom Jagose•Inconsequence•2002

  • Digital Labor

    Trebor Scholz•Digital labor•2012

  • Gender and Social Reproduction

    Barbara Laslett, Johanna Brenner•Annual Review of Sociology•1989

  • Smart Cities in Europe

    Andrea Caragliu, Chiara Del Bo et al.•Journal of Urban Technology•2011

  • Smarter than Smart

    C Gaffney, Cerianne Robertson•Journal of Urban Technology•2016

  • The spectrum of control

    Open Access•Jathan Sadowski, Frank Pasquale et al.•First Monday•2015

  • Matters of care

    Tove Pettersen•International Journal of Care and…•2018

  • Critical interventions into the corporate smart city

    Open Access•Robert G Hollands•Cambridge Journal of Regions…•2014

  • The digital skin of cities

    Chirag Rabari, Michael Storper•Cambridge Journal of Regions…•2014

  • Civic hacking as data activism and advocacy

    Open Access•Andrew Schrock, Andrew R Schrock•New Media & Society•2016

  • Some problems and possibilities of caring

    Rosie Cox•Ethics Place & Environment•2010

  • Home, Work and the Shifting Geographies of Care

    Kim England•Ethics Place & Environment•2010

  • Actually existing smart citizens

    Taylor Shelton, Thomas Lodato•City•2019

  • On the relational dynamics of caring

    Liz Bondi•Gender Place & Culture•2008

  • Spaces of Governance

    Suzan Ilcan, Marcia Oliver et al.•Gender Place & Culture•2007

  • Civic open data at a crossroads

    Open Access•Roy Sieber, Renée E Sieber et al.•Government Information Quarterly•2015

  • Being a ‘citizen’ in the smart city

    Open Access•Paolo Cardullo, Rob Kitchin•GeoJournal•2018

  • Geographic Information Science I

    Open Access•Stéphane Roche•Progress in Human Geography•2014

  • Feminist geographies of digital work

    Open Access•L Richardson•Progress in Human Geography•2016

  • Mine your data

    Sarah Barn•Urban Geography•2016

  • Anticipatory logics of the smart city’s global imaginary

    James M White•Urban Geography•2016

  • Urban Pulse—A Geography of Serial Seduction

    Tim Bunnell, Diganta Das•Urban Geography•2010

  • Introduction

    Open Access•Katharyne Mitchell, Sallie A Marston et al.•Antipode•2003

  • How Women Saved the City

    Lyn H Lofland, Daphne Spain•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•2002

  • Instead of Radical Geography, How About Caring Geography

    Open Access•Violet Lawson, Victoria Lawson•Antipode•2009

  • The Abstraction of Care

    Open Access•Caitlin Henry•Antipode•2018

  • Contesting Digital Futures

    Open Access•Casey R Lynch•Antipode•2020

  • Smart subjects for a Smart Nation? Governing (smart)mentalities in Singapore

    Open Access•Ezra Ho•Urban Studies•2017

  • Performing the sharing economy

    Open Access•L Richardson•Geoforum•2015

  • Place Geography and the Ethics of Care

    Cheryl Mcewan, Michael K Goodman•Ethics Place & Environment•2010

  • Feminist digital geographies

    Sarah Elwood, Agnieszka Leszczynski•Gender Place & Culture•2018

  • Knowing and governing cities through urban indicators, city benchmarking and real-time dashboards

    Open Access•Rob Kitchin, Tracey P Lauriault et al.•Regional Studies Regional Science•2015

  • Programming Environments

    Open Access•Jennifer Gabrys•Environment and Planning D…•2014

  • Database Ethnographies Using Social Science Methodologies to Enhance Data Analysis and Interpretation

    Open Access•Nadine Schuurman•Geography Compass•2008

  • Work, workfare, work/life balance and an ethic of care

    Open Access•L Mcdowell•Progress in Human Geography•2004

  • Gender relations and the spatial structure of the city

    Open Access•Kim England, Kim V L England•Geoforum•1991

  • Smartmentality

    Open Access•Alberto Vanolo•Urban Studies•2013

  • African urban fantasies

    Open Access•Watson•Environment and Urbanization•2013

  • Will the real smart city please stand up

    Robert G Hollands•City•2008

  • New urban utopias of postcolonial India

    Open Access•A Datta•Dialogues in Human Geography•2015

  • Hackathons, entrepreneurship and the passionate making of smart cities

    Sung-Yueh Perng, Rob Kitchin et al.•2017

  • Smart cities as corporate storytelling

    Ola Söderström, Till F Paasche et al.•City•2014

  • Hackathons and the Making of Entrepreneurial Citizenship

    Open Access•Lilly Irani•Science Technology & Human Values•2015

  • Sex, Race, and Class-The Perspective of Winning

    Open Access•Karla A Erickson•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•2014

  • Postcolonial urban futures

    Open Access•A Datta•Environment and Planning D…•2019

  • Wish you were here

    Open Access•Max J Andrucki•Geographical Journal•2017

  • Towards an Understanding of the Gender Division of Urban Space

    Open Access•L Mcdowell•Environment and Planning D…•1983

  • Where Has Welfare Gone? Introductory Remarks on the Geographies of Care and Welfare

    Open Access•Lynn A Staeheli, Michael G Brown et al.•Environment and Planning A…•2003

  • Underperformative economies

    Open Access•Daniel Cockayne, Daniel G Cockayne•Environment and Planning A…•2018

  • Labor and Housing Markets as Public Spaces

    Open Access•Daniel Trudeau, Dan Trudeau et al.•Environment and Planning A…•2003

  • Augmented Realities and Uneven Geographies

    Open Access•Mark Graham, Matthew Zook•Environment and Planning A…•2013

  • Care work, migration and citizenship

    Kim England, Caitlin Henry•Social & Cultural Geography•2013

  • From Absolute Invisibility to Extreme Visibility

    Open Access•H Ghorashi•Feminist Review•2010

  • Body-Subject/Body-Power

    Open Access•N Crossley•Body & Society•1996

  • Posthuman Agency in the Digitally Mediated City

    G Rose•Annals of the American…•2017

  • Whose City Is It? Globalization and the Formation of New Claims

    Sassen, Saskia Sassen•Public Culture•1996

  • Where's the database in digital ethnography? Exploring database ethnography for open data research

    Open Access•R Burns, Grace Wark•Qualitative Research•2020

  • Activist Mothering

    Open Access•Nancy A Naples•Gender & Society•1992

  • Data Derivatives

    Open Access•Louise Amoore•Theory Culture & Society•2011

  • Mutations in Citizenship

    Open Access•Aihwa Ong•Theory Culture & Society•2006

  • The Extended Case Method

    Open Access•M Burawoy•Sociological Theory•1998

Unique citing works18
Citations per year3,6
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 16

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae