Original Sin, or Other Opposition to Optimism? How Harkness Differs from Wesley in the Face of Human Depravity

Responding to the too-optimistic theology of fellow Arminian, John Taylor, John Wesley wrote his lengthy treatise on the doctrine of original sin. In an optimistic effort to make fellow personalist theologians' works accessible, Methodist theologian Georgia Harkness tersely disdained the same doctrine in her first major book. She soon found her liberal theology "chastened" by interactions with neo-orthodox opponents and experiences of depravity-in world events and gender-based discrimination reflecting systemic sin. This article examines her later works for evidence of whether Harkness modified her attitude toward original sin and innovations she made to accommodate both her disdain for the doctrine and the realities of depravity

Doctrine · Epistemology · Linguistics · Optimism · Original sin · Political science · Theology · American Constitutional Law and Politics · Law · Mormonism, Religion, and History · Philosophy · Religion, Gender, and Enlightenment

• Was John Wesley Inclusive

  Open Access•Daniel J Pratt Morris-Chapman, Daniel Pratt Morris-Chapman•Genealogy•2026

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