Quand l'Etat commande la recherche. Le développement de la recherche incitative

When the State orders research. The development of incited research. Towards 1965 and 1966, the french planning spheres are aware of the emergency to call upon social science in order to better know the proportion and the mechanisms of economical and social transformations bound to urbanization. The central authorities set up a process of research programmation, money liberation, administration of research programmes the main element of which is made of pluriannual programmes of incited researches or contractual researches. The paper analyses institutional and scientific relationships this new process keeps up with the traditional sphere of scientific research, especially the university and the CNRS. A research on the spur of central power inevitably refers to the criteria of utility and efficiency which have not the same meaning according to the scientists' community point of view or the state science's one. We must find the reasons of the sudden development of a contractual research in this field in several directions which were at first promised : the improvment of the instruments of urban planification, the fast social change, as a consequence of the quickened urbanization in France in the 1950' s and I960' s . As a matter of fact, the social change which serves as an official context to the development of contractual urban research is very deeply questioned in the Sixth Plan programme (1971-1975) but only in part discussed openly. What could reveal a very strong resistance of the administration to view society and policy making in conflict parlance and to admit that social change also affects the administration itself as a sleeping partner. Beyond these reasons, the development of State order of researches in social science must be replaced in the movement of scientifization of politics, that is to say of the integration of the technical understanding in the image the community has of itself

Administration (probate law · Business · Context (archaeology · Economic growth · Element (criminal law · Epistemology · Geography · Meaning (existential · Order (exchange · Political science · Power (physics · Social change · Sociology · State (computer science · Urbanization · Education, sociology, and vocational training · French Urban and Social Studies · Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis · Law · Public Administration