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Tourism from Above and Below

Globalization, Localization and New Orleans's Mardi Gras

Bibliographic Data

ID4383372
AuthorsKevin Fox Gotham (0000-0003-2571-0300, Tulane University, corresponding author)
Year2005
Volume29
Issue2
Pages309-326
Publication date2005-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0309-1317 • E-ISSN: 1468-2427
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00586.x
OpenAlexW1999760776
LanguageEN
Citations received30
References cited70

Scholars currently debate whether tourism is a force of standardization that eradicates local cultures and traditions or whether tourism is a force of heterogeneity that enhances place distinctiveness. This article uses a case study of the Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans to explain the connections between global forces and local actions in the development of urban tourism. I argue that the globalization and localization of Mardi Gras are occurring simultaneously with the result being a mix of homogenizing and particularizing influences in New Orleans. I develop this argument by distinguishing between 'tourism from above' and 'tourism from below', a distinction that helps to explain how tourism can help undermine as well as promote local differences. 'Tourism from above' refers to the global level forces of commodification, standardization and rationalization that affect all cities. 'Tourism from below' refers to the ways in which local groups and individuals resist the homogenizing effects of globalized tourism and use tourism to anchor Mardi Gras in place and create new carnival traditions. Analysis of global-local connections in tourism provides an important opportunity for theoretical development and offers a unique perspective for understanding tourism as a process of globalization and localization.Les intellectuels s'interrogent actuellement sur le fait que le tourisme soit ou non une force de normalisation capable d'éliminer cultures et traditions locales, ou une force d'hétérogénéité qui renforce le caractère distinctif des lieux. Utilisant une étude de cas sur la célébration de Mardi gras à la Nouvelle-Orléans, l'article explique les relations entre forces mondiales et actions locales dans le développement du tourisme urbain: mondialisation et localisation de cette fête se produisent simultanément, se traduisant dans la ville par une combinaison d'influences homogénéisantes et singularisantes. La démonstration établit ensuite une distinction entre 'tourisme par le haut' et 'tourisme par le bas' qui permet d'éclaircir comment l'activité peut contribuer tant à atténuer qu'à favoriser les différences locales. Le 'tourisme par le haut' s'applique aux forces mondiales de banalisation, normalisation et rationalisation qui touchent toutes les grandes villes. Le 'tourisme par le bas' portent sur les moyens qu'appliquent groupes et individus locaux dans le but de résister aux effets homogénéisateurs du tourisme mondialisé et de se servir de cette activité pour ancrer Mardi gras dans le lieu et créer de nouvelles traditions carnavalesques. L'analyse des relations entre les plans mondial et local dans le domaine du tourisme offre une possibilité intéressante de théorisation et une perspective unique d'appréhension du tourisme comme processus de mondialisation et localisation

Commodification · Economic geography · Economics · Economy · Geography · Globalization · Optimal distinctiveness theory · Political science · Sociology · Tourism · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research · Law · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts

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Unique citing works30
Citations per year1,58
Citation span2007 - 2026 (20)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 27

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