The Indian Summer Monsoon

EVER since Halley' formulated his monsoon theory in 1686, the Indian monsoon has been regarded as a circulation cell resulting from differential heating between land and ocean. Although this explanation is basically correct, it needs qualification and amplification on three counts. First, the heating and cooling that cause a seasonal reversal of wind direction are not merely surface phenomena. In central and southern India the highest surface temperatures are observed in May. Yet the southwest monsoon does not hold sway over the subcontinent until after mid-June, when the imbalance in the energy budget through a great depth of the atmosphere, coupled with the reorganization of momentum, has drastically changed the upper-air circulation

Ancient history · Atmosphere (unit · Atmospheric Circulation · Atmospheric sciences · Circulation (fluid dynamics · Climatology · East Asian Monsoon · Economics · Geography · Indian ocean · Indian subcontinent · Meteorology · Momentum (technical analysis · Monsoon · Monsoon of South Asia · Physics · Climate variability and models · Environmental Science · Geology · Geophysics and Gravity Measurements · History · Oceanography

• Enhanced groundwater vulnerability assessment in urban landscapes

  Open Access•Kazi Hamidul Islam, Reshmi Das et al.•Environment Development and…•2025

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• Contribution of diverse monsoon precipitation over Central and Northern India during mid to Late Holocene

  Open Access•P Kumar, J Sanwal et al.•Quaternary International•2019

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• A reassessment of the causes and severity of Nepal's environmental crisis

  Open Access•John J Metz•World Development•1991

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• Seasonal changes in wind regimes of the North Australian and adjoining intertropical area

  E L Wittwer•Australian Geographer•1973

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• Regional Differences in the World Atmospheric Circulation

  John R Borchert•Annals of the Association of…•1953

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