The Ecology of Swidden Cultivation in the Upper Orinoco Rain Forest, Venezuela

SHIFTING cultivation has long been recognized as the most widespread agricultural system of the tropics, but only in the last two decades has it begun to receive close scrutiny from workers in both the social and the natural sciences. Systematic study of shifting cultivation was pioneered by Harold C. Conklin,I and he was chiefly responsible for establishing in general anthropological usage the term to distinguish shifting-field cultivation in the strict sense-defined as any continuing agricultural system in which impermanent clearings are cropped for shorter periods in years than they are fallowed2-from other systems of impermanent or discontinuous cultivation. Detailed studies of swidden cultivation in particular cultural contexts have been undertaken by other anthropologists and by cultural geographers, notably Joseph E. Spencer,3 and ecologists and soil scientists have made significant contributions to the understanding of swidden ecosystems.4

Agriculture · Agroforestry · Archaeology · Biology · Geography · Rainforest · Shifting cultivation · Agriculture and Rural Development Research · Ecology · Environmental Science · Forestry

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