Multilingual Imperatives

The Vaupés River Basin in northwest Amazonia is a well-established linguistic area. Its major feature is obligatory societal multilingualism which follows the principle of linguistic exogamy: "those who speak the same language as us are our brothers, and we do not marry our sisters." Speakers of East Tucanoan languages and of one Arawak language, Tariana, participate in the exogamous marriage network and share the obligatory multilingualism.Long-term interaction between East Tucanoan languages and Tariana has resulted in the rampant diffusion of grammatical and semantic patterns and calquing of categories. A typologically unusual system of 11 imperatives in Tariana bears a strong impact from East Tucanoan languages; but to say that imperative meanings were just borrowed or calqued from East Tucanoan languages would be a simplification. The markers come from different non-imperative categories, via distinct mechanisms. I discuss the mechanisms involved in the development of Tariana multiple imperatives and then address the crucial question: Which factors facilitate the diffusion of commands

Amazon rainforest · Exogamy · Geography · Linguistics · Multilingualism · Sociology · Anthropology · Language and cultural evolution · Linguistic Variation and Morphology · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation · Ecology · History · Philosophy

• Caddo

  Wallace Chafe•Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis•2017

  Incluir item

• The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis

  Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun et al.•Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis•2017

  Incluir item

• Evidentials

  Open Access•Alexandra Y Aikhenvald•Linguistic Typology•2015

  Incluir item

• Literate and preliterate children show different learning patterns in an artificial language learning task

  Open Access•Naomi Havron, Limor Raviv et al.•Journal of Cultural Cognitive…•2018

  Incluir item

• The Contribution of a Century of Americanist Studies to Historical Linguistics

  David Beck•International Journal of American…•2017

  Incluir item

• A Survey of Contemporary Research on Amazonian Languages

  Open Access•Caleb Everett•Language and Linguistics Compass•2010

  Incluir item

• Zwei Jahre unter den Indianern

  Open Access•Theodor Koch-Grunberg•Zwei Jahre Unter Den Indianern…•2010

  Incluir item

• A Grammar of Tariana, from Northwest Amazonia

  Open Access•Alexandra Y Aikhenvald, A I͡U Aĭkhenvalʹd•Grammar of Tariana, from…•2003

  Incluir item

• Language Contact and Grammatical Change

  Open Access•Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva•Language Contact and Grammatical…•2005

  Incluir item

• Romani

  Open Access•Yaron Matras•Romani•2002

  Incluir item

• World Lexicon of Grammaticalization

  Open Access•Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva et al.•World Lexicon of Grammaticalization•2002

  Incluir item

• Competing motivations

  John W Du Bois•Iconicity in Syntax (Typological…•1985

  Incluir item

• Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguistic Perspective

  Open Access•Alice C Harris, Lyle Campbell•Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguist…•1995

  Incluir item

• Grammars in Contact

  A I͡U Aĭkhenvalʹd, Alexandra Y Aikhenvald et al.•Grammars in contact•2007

  Incluir item

• Evidentiality in West Greenlandic

  Michael Fortescue•Studies in evidentiality•2003

  Incluir item

• The French Influence on Middle English Morphology

  Christiane Dalton‐puffer, Christiane Dalton-Puffer•French Influence on Middle…•1996

  Incluir item

• An Indo-European Linguistic Area and its Characteristics

  Calvert Watkins•Areal diffusion and genetic…•2001

  Incluir item

• On contact-induced grammaticalization

  Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva•Studies in Language•2003

  Incluir item

• The Yimas Language of New Guinea

  Moira Yip, William A Foley•Language•1993

  Incluir item

• The French Influence on Middle English Morphology

  Ingo Plag, Christiane Dalton-Puffer•Language•1998

  Incluir item

• Zeitschrift für Ethnologie

  Open Access•Willy öhlich, A Bastin et al.•Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie•1941

  Incluir item

• Areal diffusion and the development of evidentiality

  P Epps•Studies in Language•2005

  Incluir item

• Mechanisms of change in areal diffusion

  Open Access•Alexandra Y Aikhenvald•Journal of Linguistics•2003

  Incluir item

• Language Contact In Amazonia

  Alexandra Y Aikhenvald, A I͡U Aĭkhenvalʹd•Language contact in Amazonia•2003

  Incluir item

• Evidentiality

  Alexandra Y Aikhenvald, A I͡U Aĭkhenvalʹd•Evidentiality•2004

  Incluir item

• Utterance modifiers and universals of grammatical borrowing

  Open Access•Yaron Matras•Linguistics•1998

  Incluir item

• Classifiers in Multiple Environments

  Alexandra Y Aikhenvald•International Journal of American…•2007

  Incluir item

• Syntactic Change in Pipil

  Lyle Campbell•International Journal of American…•1987

  Incluir item

• The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon

  Donald Pollock, Janet Chernela et al.•Ethnohistory•1995

  Incluir item

• Amazon Frontier

  Robert L Hoover, John Hemming•Ethnohistory•1989

  Incluir item

• Ergativity

  Open Access•R M W Dixon•Ergativity•1994

  Incluir item

• Multilingualism in the Northwest Amazon1

  Open Access•Arthur P Sorensen•American Anthropologist•1967

  Incluir item

• From the Milk River

  Open Access•Christine Hugh-Jones•From the Milk River•1980

  Incluir item