Double Jeopardy

Young adult mental and physical health outcomes following conception via genocidal rape during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda

Datos Bibliográficos

ID4601768
AutoresG Uwizeye (0000-0002-3255-2155, Dartmouth College, autor de correspondencia), Zaneta M Thayer (0000-0001-8028-942X, Dartmouth College), Holli A Devon (0000-0002-4526-9631, University of California, Los Angeles), Linda L Mccreary (0000-0003-0168-358X, University of Illinois Chicago), T W Mcdade (0000-0001-5829-648X, Northwestern University), Donatilla Mukamana (University of Rwanda), Chang Gi Park (0000-0003-3366-4279, University of Illinois Chicago), Crystal L Patil (0000-0003-4536-4599, University of Illinois Chicago), Julienne N Rutherford (0000-0001-6536-6888, University of Illinois Chicago)
Año2021
Volumen278
Páginas113938
Fecha de publicación2021-06-01
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaSocial Science & Medicine (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 0277-9536 • E-ISSN: 1873-5347
EditorialElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113938
PMID33905987
OpenAlexW3156622082
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas7
Referencias citadas34

Rwandans conceived by rape during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi have endured a violent beginning and a troubled childhood. Given compelling evidence of the influence of prenatal environments and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on future health, these individuals are at high risk of poor mental and physical health outcomes. The purpose of the study was to characterize mental and physical health outcomes in young adults who were exposed prenatally to maternal stress due to the genocide in general and those conceived by genocidal rape, and to determine whether ACEs compound these effects. Ninety-one 24-year-old Rwandans - 30 conceived by genocidal rape, 31 born of genocide survivors not raped, and a control group of 30 born of women with neither exposure - completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire and measures of multiple physical and mental health characteristics. Data were collected from March 7 to April 6, 2019. Findings demonstrated that 1) individuals conceived during the genocide had poorer mental function (p = 0.002) and higher scores in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, physical function, pain intensity, and sleep disturbance compared to young adults who were not exposed to genocide (all p < 0.033); 2) individuals conceived by genocidal rape reported more depression, PTSD, and pain interference compared to those prenatally exposed to maternal genocide stress only (all p < 0.008); and 3) among the group conceived via genocidal rape, the effects of prenatal exposures on depression, physical function, pain intensity and pain interference were exacerbated by ACEs (all p < 0.041). Being conceived during genocide, especially through genocidal rape, is associated with poor adult physical and mental health. The role of ACEs in exacerbating prenatal genocide exposure highlights opportunities for interventions to reduce these effects

Anxiety · Depression (economics · Genocide · Mental health · Psychiatry · Clinical Psychology · Gender, Security, and Conflict · Health and Conflict Studies · Medicine · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology