Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The Effects of Surfing and the Natural Environment on the Well-Being of Combat Veterans

Bibliographic Data

ID4687481
AuthorsNick Caddick (0000-0003-4336-8019, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom), Brett Smith (0000-0001-7137-2889, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom), Cassandra Phoenix (0000-0001-7262-4427, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom)
Year2015
Volume25
Issue1
Pages76-86
Publication date2015-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueQualitative Health Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1049-7323 • E-ISSN: 1552-7557
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/1049732314549477
PMID25189537
OpenAlexW2166801435
LanguageEN
Citations received55
References cited50

Although researchers have identified the benefits of physical activity on well-being, there is little evidence concerning the effects of nature-based physical activity. We investigated the effect of one nature-based activity-surfing-on the well-being of combat veterans experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We conducted interviews and participant observations with a group of combat veterans belonging to a United Kingdom-based veterans' surfing charity. Our primary analytical approach was dialogical narrative analysis. Based on our rigorous analysis and findings, we suggest that surfing facilitated a sense of respite from PTSD. Respite was a fully embodied feeling of release from suffering that was cultivated through surfing and shaped by the stories veterans told of their experiences. We significantly extend previous knowledge on physical activity, combat veterans, and PTSD by highlighting how nature-based physical activity, encapsulated in the conceptual notion of the "blue gym," can promote well-being among combat veterans

Dialogical self · Embodied cognition · Feeling · Narrative · Psychotherapist · Respite care · Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking · Computer Science · History · Medicine · Nursing · Outdoor and Experiential Education · Psychology · Social Psychology · Urban Green Space and Health

  • Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf versus Hike Therapy among U.S. Service Members

    Open Access•Lisa H Glassman, Nicholas Otis et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Nature–Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing

    Open Access•Danielle Shanahan, Thomas Astell-Burt et al.•Sports•2019

  • When I Go There, I Feel Like I Can Be Myself.” Exploring Programme Theory within the Wave Project Surf Therapy Intervention

    Open Access•Jamie Marshall, Paul Kelly et al.•International Journal of…•2019

  • The Impact of Living in a Care Home on the Health and Wellbeing of Spinal Cord Injured People

    Open Access•Brett Smith, Nick Caddick•International Journal of…•2015

  • Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf Therapy Sessions among U.S. Service Members

    Open Access•Lisa H Glassman, Nicholas Otis et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Ocean Literacy and Surfing

    Open Access•Natalie Fox, Jamie Marshall et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Relationships between Recreation and Pollution When Striving for Wellbeing in Blue Spaces

    Open Access•Cécile Evers, Clifton Evers et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Integrating Physical Literacy Into Blue Physical Activity Promotion, Drowning Prevention and Aquatic Education

    Open Access•Dora M Carolo, Dean Dudley et al.•Quest•2026

  • Evidências psicológicas do surfe

    Open Access•Débora Matias de Souza, Monick Leonora Inês Kort Kamp et al.•Motrivivência•2021

  • Scoping review of nature-based interventions in bereavement care

    Open Access•Julie Dean, Andrew Cleary et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2023

  • Playing for Freedom

    Open Access•Jeffrey M Ward•Journal of Veterans Studies•2026

  • Waves of well-being

    Virginie Gargano, Rose-Ange Tremblay-Éthier•Leisure/Loisir•2025

  • “Without [surfing], it’s kind of like Groundhog Day, but the … Twilight Zone version”

    Lindsay E Usher•Leisure/Loisir•2024

  • Mental Health Outcomes of Peer-led Therapeutic Adventure for Military Veterans

    Open Access•Joanna E Bettmann, Ileana Anderson et al.•Journal of Experiential Education•2022

  • A national assessment of the economic and wellbeing impacts of recreational surfing in Australia

    Open Access•Ana Manero, Asad Yusoff et al.•Marine Policy•2024

  • The quality of life of competitive and recreational Spanish surfers and para surfers

    Open Access•Mar González-Noriega, Ana Cancela et al.•Acta Psychologica•2026

  • Surf Tourism in Uncertain Times

    Open Access•Leon Mach•Societies•2021

  • Informal sports for youth recovery

    H Thorpe•Journal of Youth Studies•2020

  • The state of qualitative research in health and social science literature

    Caroline Bradbury-Jones, Jenna P Breckenridge et al.•International Journal of Social…•2017

  • Tuning in

    Open Access•Marg Cosgriff•Sport Education and Society•2023

  • A lot better than medicine’ - Self-organised ocean swimming groups as facilitators for healthy ageing

    Open Access•Leesa Costello, Marie-Louise Mcdermott et al.•Health & Place•2019

  • Beyond adherence to social prescriptions

    Open Access•Shukru Esmene, Catherine Leyshon et al.•Health & Place•2020

  • Challenging perspectives; understanding the barriers to engaging in an outdoor swimming feasibility randomised controlled trial

    Open Access•Hannah Denton, Sam Robertson et al.•Health & Place•2024

  • Connecting by water

    Krista Barry, Danielle Every et al.•Annals of Leisure Research•2024

  • The potential benefits of water sports for health and well-being in marine protected areas

    Josep Lloret, Sílvia Gómez et al.•Annals of Leisure Research•2021

  • Authentic and Therapeutic Engagement with the Past for Veterans at Nokalakevi, Georgia, and on Breaking Ground Heritage Projects in the UK

    Open Access•Paul Everill, Nikoloz Murgulia et al.•Arheologia•2022

  • Coastal blue space and wellbeing research

    B Wheaton, Jordan Waiti et al.•Leisure Studies•2019

  • Sensing Water

    Open Access•Easkey Britton, R Foley•Journal of Sport and Social Issues•2020

  • Segregation and the Sea

    Open Access•Cassandra Phoenix, Sarah L Bell et al.•Journal of Sport and Social Issues•2021

  • A qualitative exploration of the contribution of blue space to well‐being in the lives of people with severe mental illness

    Open Access•Kim Wright, Samantha Eden et al.•People and Nature•2024

  • “Together, we can do it all!”

    Adam B Evans, Sofie M N Andreassen et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2020

  • Qualitative fieldwork in medical contexts

    Phoebe Sanders, Ross Wadey et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2019

  • Researching growth following adversity in sport and exercise

    Mary Carol Day, Ross Wadey•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2017

  • Religious culture as a barrier? A counter-narrative of Danish Muslim girls’ participation in sports

    Sine Agergaard•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2016

  • Supporting ‘blue care’ through outdoor water-based activities

    Open Access•Hope H Juster-Horsfield, Sarah L Bell•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2022

  • Exercise is medicine for mental health in military veterans

    Nick Caddick, Brett Smith•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2018

  • Nordic-Baltic cooperation in adult education

    Open Access•Larissa Jõgi, Katrin Karu•International Review of Education•2017

  • Narratives of Recovery Over the First Year After Major Lower Limb Loss

    Open Access•Phoebe Sanders, Ross Wadey et al.•Qualitative Health Research•2020

  • A grounded theory exploration of programme theory within Waves of Wellness surf therapy intervention

    Open Access•Jamie Marshall, Brendon Ferrier et al.•Psychology & Health•2025

  • Navigating grief

    Open Access•Emma Boocock•Leisure Studies•2025

  • Nature, activity, and social drivers of mental resilience

    Roger Buckley, Mary-Ann Cooper•Tourism Recreation Research•2025

  • Big fines and fake signs

    Jess Ponting, Leon Mach•Culture Sport Society•2025

  • UK Military Veterans’ Difficulties in Reintegration and the Road to Imprisonment

    Open Access•Daniel D Packham•Conflict and Society•2025

  • Activist Surfing-based Groups in the Tourism Transition

    Ludovic Falaix, Joseph Lemarié et al.•Géocarrefour•2021

  • Valuing surfing ecosystems

    Open Access•Ana Manero, Leon Mach•Tourism Geographies•2023

  • Life, embodiment, and (post-)war stories

    Nick Caddick•Critical Military Studies•2021

  • Reflections on being a civilian researcher in an ex-military world

    Nick Caddick, Alex Cooper et al.•Critical Military Studies•2019

  • Concussions and Risk Within Cultural Contexts of Play

    Open Access•Gabriel A Torres Colón, Sharia Smith et al.•Qualitative Health Research•2017

  • Traveling Material↔Semiotic Environments of Disability, Rehabilitation, and Physical Activity

    Open Access•J Monforte, Víctor Pérez-Samaniego et al.•Qualitative Health Research•2020

  • In the Sport I Am Here

    Open Access•Clemens Ley, María Rato Barrio et al.•Qualitative Health Research•2018

  • Collective stories and well-being

    Open Access•Nick Caddick, Cassandra Phoenix et al.•Journal of Health Psychology•2015

  • Dig in

    Open Access•Paul Everill, Richard Bennett et al.•Antiquity•2020

  • Understanding Blue Spaces

    Open Access•Rebecca Olive, B Wheaton•Journal of Sport and Social Issues•2021

  • Bluespace, Senses, Wellbeing, and Surfing

    Open Access•Lisahunter, Lisa Hunter Lisahunter et al.•Journal of Sport and Social Issues•2021

  • Polluted Leisure and Blue Spaces

    Open Access•Cécile Evers•Journal of Sport and Social Issues•2021

  • Phenomenology of Perception

    Maurice Merleau-Ponty•Phenomenology of Perception•2013

  • Letting Stories Breathe

    A W Frank•Letting Stories Breathe•2010

  • The Paradox of Hope

    Cheryl Mattingly•Paradox of Hope•2010

  • Narrative inquiry in sport and exercise psychology

    Open Access•Brett Smith, A C Sparkes•Psychology of Sport and Exercise•2009

  • Blue space

    Open Access•Mathew P White, Mathew White et al.•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2010

  • Practicing Dialogical Narrative Analysis

    A W Frank, Arthur Frank•Varieties of Narrative Analysis•2012

  • The need for psychological restoration as a determinant of environmental preferences

    Open Access•Terry Hartig, Henk Staats•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2006

  • The Contours of Positive Human Health

    Carol D Ryff, Burton Herbert Singer et al.•Psychological Inquiry•1998

  • The Cognitive Benefits of Interacting With Nature

    Open Access•Marc G Berman, John Jonides et al.•Psychological Science•2008

  • Effects of mindfulness on psychological health

    Open Access•Shian-Ling Keng, Moria J Smoski et al.•Clinical Psychology Review•2011

  • The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise

    Jules Pretty, Jo Peacock et al.•International Journal of…•2005

  • Qualitative methods in sport

    Brett Smith, Nick Caddick•Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and…•2012

  • Assessing posttraumatic cognitive processes

    Arnie Cann, Lawrence G Calhoun et al.•Anxiety, Stress & Coping•2011

  • Does Participating in Physical Activity in Outdoor Natural Environments Have a Greater Effect on Physical and Mental Wellbeing than Physical Activity Indoors? A Systematic Review

    J Thompson Coon, K Boddy et al.•Environmental Science & Technology•2011

  • Vitalizing effects of being outdoors and in nature

    Open Access•Richard M Ryan, Norman Weinstein et al.•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2010

  • On Happiness and Human Potentials

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•Annual Review of Psychology•2001

  • Routledge Handbook of Disability Studies

    Nick Watson•Routledge handbook of disability…•2013

  • Engaging with nature to promote health

    Open Access•P A Hansen-Ketchum, Patti Hansen-Ketchum et al.•Health Promotion International•2011

  • The sociology of chronic illness

    Open Access•Michael Bury•Sociology of Health & Illness•1991

  • The body's disclosure in phenomenological research

    Linda Finlay•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2006

  • Does living by the coast improve health and wellbeing

    Open Access•Benjamin W Wheeler, Mathew P White et al.•Health & Place•2012

  • Men, spinal cord injury, memories and the narrative performance of pain

    A C Sparkes, Brett Smith•Disability & Society•2008

  • Subjective well-being

    Ed Diener•American Psychologist•2000

  • Towards Relational Sociology

    N Crossley•Towards relational sociology•2010

  • Exploring multiple responses to a chaos narrative

    Open Access•Brett Smith, A C Sparkes•Health An Interdisciplinary…•2011

  • Phenomenology of Perception

    Maurice Merleau-Ponty•Phenomenology of Perception•2002

  • Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being

    Carol D Ryff•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • HIV-Positive Patients and the Doctor-Patient Relationship

    Open Access•Liza Mccoy•Qualitative Health Research•2005

  • Is physical activity in natural environments better for mental health than physical activity in other environments

    Open Access•Richard Mitchell•Social Science & Medicine•2013

  • Experiences and Expectations of Biographical Time among Young Athletes

    Open Access•Cassandra Phoenix, Brett Smith et al.•Time & Society•2007

  • Are nature lovers happy? On various indicators of well-being and connectedness with nature

    Open Access•Renate Cervinka, Kathrin Röderer et al.•Journal of Health Psychology•2012

  • Exploring the ambiguities of masculinity in accounts of emotional distress in the military among young ex-servicemen

    Open Access•Gill Green, Carol Emslie et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2010

  • Grasping the Phenomenology of Sporting Bodies

    Open Access•J Hockey, J Allen-Collinson et al.•International Review for the…•2007

Unique citing works55
Citations per year5
Citation span2015 - 2026 (12)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 54

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae